Monday, 13 June 2016

John of Salisbury Blames Satan

John of Salisbury in his hagiography on the Life of Saint Thomas Becket, §12 blames Satan for the Troubles.

James Craigie Robertson. Materials for the History of Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury. Cambridge University Press. pp. 273–. ISBN 978-1-108-04926-9.

Patrologia Latina
Ioannes Saresberiensis Alanus Tewkesburiensi
VITA SANCTI THOMAE, AUCTORE IOANNE SALISBURIENSI

Jacques-Paul Migne (1894). Patrologiae cursus completus Latina. Tome 190. Brepols..

Videns autem hostis antiquus tantum virum Ecclesiae Dei plurimum profuturum, invidit, et ne sperata pace terra diutius frueretur, multos et magnos elegit discordiae concitatores: per quos in corde regis et curialium odii seminarium sparsit. (0200C) Orta siquidem his procurantibus quaestione super regni consuetudinibus et iure ecclesiastico, filios perditionis in perniciem sancti viri excitavit qui subvertere moliebantur Ecclesiae libertatem. Sed cum omnes opprimerentur, Cantuariensis Ecclesia ipsum magis angebat, cuius potestati honori et utilitati plurimum derogabatur, insurgentibus in eum primum Rogero Eboracensi archiepiscopo, deinde proceribus multis, et his qui fidelitate et beneficiis Ecclesiae tenebantur obnoxii et ipso rege prohibente saepius et pertinacius ne in subditos culpis exigentibus canonicam iustitiam exerceret. Potestas enim laica in res et personas omnium pro libito ecclesiastico iure contempto, tacentibus aut murmurantibus episcopis, potius quam resistentibus usurpabat. (0200D) Conatus est ergo rex archiepiscopum promissis et blanditiis ad suum inclinare consensum. Sed vir Domini, fundatus in petra et solidatus, nec blanditiis emolliri potuit, ut a cultu iustitiae deviaret, nec minis terreri.

Translation

"Nevertheless the ancient enemy [Satan] when he saw that the very great man of the Church of God [Becket]  would very soon do much good, he became envious. And lest the peace on Earth which was for a long while being enjoyed he [Satan] chose many from the great [of the land], including the king and members of his court, through whose hearts he could use them as instigators of discord, and to scatter seeds of hate, there indeed, by instigating issues over the customs of the realm and the law of the Church, But even though all the Churches were being suppressed, the Church [See] of Canterbury caused him [Becket] the greatest anxiety, most of whose power, honour, and usefulness were being taken away [from it] by the rising up into first place of Roger archbishop of York,  and then by the guilty, including many magnates and those who owed fealty and held benefices of the Church. And even the the king often more stubbornly disallowed the purging of the sins of  his subjects by means of the exercise of canonical justice [Canon Law]. Indeed the temporal power seized goods and persons entirely at its own pleasure holding in contempt ecclesiastical law, with the bishops remaining silent or murmuring, rather than resisting. The king tried with promises and flatteries to incline the archbishop to his point of view. But the man of the Lord, who was founded on rock and firm in intent, neither could he be placated by flatteries, which might deviate him from serving justice, nor could he be terrified by threats."

Saturday, 11 June 2016

Plot To Murder Becket, October 1164

Threat to murder Becket immediately after his trial at Northampton

John of Salisbury, Life of Becket: paragraph 18

 Curn autem se in hospitium recepisset, duo magni et fidelissimi proceres ad eum in ipso noctis conticinio accesserunt, vultu miserabiles et lacrimosi, tundentes pectora sua, et confitentes ac protestantes per tremendum judicium Dei, quod indubitanter sciebant viros magnos, et malefactis insignes, ut pote multis pollutos facinoribus, in illius neceт conspirasse, et se ad eum occidendum mutuis invicem astrinxisse juramentis. Ne ergo causa ecclesiae, quae nondum plene innotuerat, in morte ejus pateretur occasum, eadem nocte fugam aggressus est, et uno duntaxat frater sibi ferente solatium, diebus delitescens et noctibus iter peragens, post diem decimum sextum ad portum Sandvici pervenit, et quum potiores vectores non haberet ad manum, in fragili cymbala a duobus sacerdotibus transvectus est in Flandriam, paucis aliis navigium potius impedientibus quam aliquam solatii vel auxilii ferentibus opem.


After, however, he had returned to his lodgings, two great and most faithful nobles came to him that same evening, weeping and with downcast faces. beating their breasts, confessing and protesting, swearing on the terrible judgement of God, that they definitely knew of important men, and [other] evil-minded prominent persons, who were without doubt guilty of many grave and wicked deeds, who were plotting to murder him, and who had combined together having taken reciprocal and mutual oaths with each other to kill him.

Therefore lest the cause of the [Liberty of the] Church, which had not yet become widely known, might be ruined by his death, that same night he set about escaping. And together with only one brother whom he brought with him for comfort, hiding by day and travelling by night eventually he reached the port of Sandwich after sixteen days. And when there were no other better boats for ferrrying to hand, the two priests were borne across the sea to Flanders in a frail skiff [cymba: small rowing boat possibly with a sail] with a few others on board hindering the boat rather than being of any comfort or assistance, or rendering any service.

The same story is described in Thomas Saga Erkibyskups

Eiríkr Magnússon . Thómas Saga Erkibyskups: A Life of Archbishop Thomas Becket in Icelandic. Cambridge University Press. pp. 227–9. ISBN 978-1-108-04921-4.

https://archive.org/stream/thmassagaerkiby01magngoog#page/n253/mode/1up

Late in the evening of that very day there come to the archbishop two men of noble kin and good friends of his, both being in sore tribulation and bringing the tidings from the king's court, that certain persons, right far famed for evil deeds, have allied themselves together so to incur the wrath of God, as to have the life of the archbishop even before their meal the next morning. Lord Thomas then weigheth in his mind this matter, and the danger wherein he now standeth, and wisely considereth, that the cause of the church is yet less known throughout Christendom than it behoveth such a mighty matter to be ; and therefore feareth he, if he suffer death even at this time, that it may be deemed to have come to pass rather through some private guilt of his own, than through his defence of the freedom of God's right; and that the church might reap thereof some detriment rather than any righting. He therefore maketh up his mind, rather to make good an escape, now first for a while, after the example of the blessed apostle Paul, when he fled from Damascus anight-time, for a more enduring profit of holy church.

References

Friday, 3 June 2016

Thómas Saga Erkibyskups: Murder in the Cathedral

Eiríkr Magnússon. Thómas Saga Erkibyskups: A Life of Archbishop Thomas Becket in Icelandic. Volume 1 Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-04921-4.

Chapter 76 Concerning Four Knights, The Enemies of God

Chapter 77 Concerning The Holy Thomas, How He Prophesied His Martyrdom

Chapter 78 How the Enemies of God Spoke Evil Against The Holy Archbishop Thomas
Eiríkr Magnússon . Thómas Saga Erkibyskups: A Life of Archbishop Thomas Becket in Icelandic. KAP. LXXVIII: Cambridge University Press. pp. 522–. ISBN 978-1-108-04921-4.
Eiríkr Magnússon. Thómas Saga Erkibyskups: A Life of Archbishop Thomas Becket in Icelandic. Chapter 78: Cambridge University Press. pp. 523–. ISBN 978-1-108-04921-4.

Chapter 79 How the Knights Came Back To Their Followers
Eiríkr Magnússon. Thómas Saga Erkibyskups: A Life of Archbishop Thomas Becket in Icelandic. KAP LXXIX: Cambridge University Press. pp. 532–. ISBN 978-1-108-04921-4.
Eiríkr Magnússon (1875). Thómas Saga Erkibyskups0: In Icelandic, with English Translation, Notes and Glossary. Chapter 79: Longman. pp. 533–.

Chapter 80 The Death of Archbishop Thomas
Eiríkr Magnússon (1875). Thómas Saga Erkibyskups0: In Icelandic, with English Translation, Notes and Glossary. KAP. LXXX: Longman. pp. 542–.
iríkr Magnússon (1875). Thómas Saga Erkibyskups0: In Icelandic, with English Translation, Notes and Glossary. Chapter 80: Longman. pp. 543–.

Edward Grim: Murder in the cathedral

John Allen Giles (1846). The Life and Letters of Thomas À Becket: Now First Gathered from the Contemporary Historians. Altercation with the four knights according to Edward Grim: Whittaker. pp. 318–.


Murder





References

Wilfred Lewis Warren (1977). Henry II. University of California Press. pp. 510–. ISBN 978-0-520-03494-5.

W. H. Hutton (1889), St Thornas of Canterbury, pp. 256-

William Fitzstephen: Murder in the Cathedral

William Fitzstephen
In Latin
Corpus Corporum  Universität Zürich
Patrologia Latina
Willelmus filius Stephani
Col  0179D Quinto igitur natalis die ...

Patrologiae cursus completus: sive biblioteca universalis,integra uniformis, commoda, oeconomica, omnium SS. Patrum, doctorum scriptorumque eccelesiasticorum qui ab aevo apostolico ad usque Innocentii III tempora floruerunt ... [Series Latina, in qua prodeunt Patres, doctores scriptoresque Ecclesiae Latinae, a Tertulliano ad Innocentium III]. Patrologia Latina Tome 190 Column 0179D. 1854.
https://archive.org/stream/patrologiaecurs10saingoog#page/n102/mode/1up

Patres ecclesiae anglicanae : Aldhelmus, Beda, Bonifacius, Alcuinus, Lanfrancus, Anselmus, Thomas Cantuar, et reliqui. J.-H. Parker. 1845. pp. 293–.

James Craigie Robertson. Materials for the History of Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury (Canonized by Pope Alexander III, AD 1173). Volume III. Martyrdom of Becket by William Fitzstephen: Cambridge University Press. pp. 132-. ISBN 978-1-108-04927-6. Archive.Org Link

Translated into English

Richard Hurrell Froude; James Bowling Mozley (1839). Remains of the Late Reverend Richard Hurrell Froude: v. 2. History or the contest between Thomas à Becket, archbishop of Canterbury, and Henry II, king of England, chiefly consisting of translations of contemporary letters. J. G. & F. Rivington. pp. 552–8.  
 
An Annotated Translation of the Life of St. Thomas Becket (Part Two)
by William Fitzstephen trans. Mary Aelred Sinclair 
(1944)
Loyola University Chicago
p.76 https://goo.gl/IuSDp8
David Charles Douglas (1996). English Historical Documents, 1042-1189. Volume 2. Part III The Church 150 The events leading up to the murder of Thomas Becket (December 1170) as described by William fitz Stephen: Psychology Press. pp. 891–. ISBN 978-0-415-14367-7.

Keith Sidwell (1995). Reading Medieval Latin. Section 19: Historical Writing - Murder of Thomas Becket by William FitzStephen,: Cambridge University Press. pp. 260–. ISBN 978-1-107-39334-9.

Narratives of the Passion

What Became of the Bones of St Thomas?. CUP Archive. pp. 9–.
https://goo.gl/2EsQAa

https://archive.org/details/whatbecameofbone00maso/page/n18



Sunday, 22 May 2016

Garnier - Fetching Becket's Pallium from the Pope, July 1162

Translation

120 The abbot of Evesham was then summoned [by Becket], Father Adam de Saint Luz [Senlis], shrewd and well-known. [Thomas] commanded him to go fetch his pallium. Two good clerics and a monk went with him [the abbot]. And they found Pope Alexander at Montpellier.

121 The clerics were well-versed in the arts, the decretals [of the canon law], and the [civil] law. Each of the three gave his petition by himself. And they spoke very well and learnedly all three. And Pope Alexander listened to them well, this I believe, but he did not grant permission for the pallium [to be given] to them. 605

122 They went many times to the cardinals. The cardinals demanded to know from them a great number of times what they had brought with them for the Pope and whoever else [them] , [saying] that they had been chased out of Rome and had run away from it without any of their incomes, penniless. 610

123 The messengers always replied to their demands that they had come from a distant country; that whatever they had brought they had already spent. The pallium which they sought holily and without conditions, never would they handle it simoniacally.

124 Never could they anymore take demands for all their but how the abbot saw a place to speak, and [that after he] saw that the cardinals completely surrounded the Pope, that his request much well began to be able to be presented, but not a word of the decretal would he mention.

125 "My Lord," he said "this is what God who is Truth says, (which you must observe, as it is in God's place which you sit.):
'Ask justly', says God, 'and you will receive it; seek piously and you will find it; the door will be opened for you, if you knock on the true door.' 625

[Note: Luke 11:9-10 ' 9 And I say to you, Ask, and it shall be given you: seek, and you shall find: knock, and it shall be opened to you. 10 For every one that asketh, receiveth; and he that seeketh, findeth; and to him that knocketh, it shall be opened. ']

126 "We are very fatigued and have come from far away. That which we wish to have we ask for piously; here we must seek for that which we require. You will open the door for it; we have knocked with dignity. You occupy the place of God; we shall find God in you."

127 Then the Pope said to him, when he had completely finished, "Frater [Brother] thou wilt take from here that which thou hast asked for thou has sought for it justly, and thou wilt find it; We will open my [our] door to thee, because thou hast knocked on it." He then had the pallium brought before him. 635

128 They were given charge of the pallium by the Pope, and they were all to return home with it. Thus it came to Thomas without gift and without sin; neither had he for this handed over either money, or gold, or silver.An example that his successors to the see [of Canterbury] ought to follow. 640
 
The Text

Guernes (de Pont-Sainte-Maxence) (1922). La vie de saint Thomas Becket. C.W.K. Gleerup. pp. 22–. 


120 Mes l'abé d'Evesham aveit dunkes mandé,
Dan Adam de Saint Liz, prudume e renumé ;
Ke pur sun palle alast li aveit comandé.
Dui bon clerc e uns moines i sunt od li alé,
600 E pape Alisandre unt a Munpelier trové.

121 Bon clerc furent des arz, de decré e de lei.
Sa peticiun fist des treis chescon par sei,
E mult parlerent bien e clergilment tut trei.
E Alisandre pape les oï bien, ceo crei,
605 Mes il ne lur fist pas del palliun l'otrei.

122 Il en sunt plusurs feiz as cardunals alé.
Li cardunal lur unt mainte feiz demandé
K'il orent l'apostoile e a els aporté ;
K'il esteient de Rome chacié e debuté,
610 N'aveient de lur rentes un denier muneé.

123 Li messagier lur unt tut adès respundu
K'il de luntein païs esteient la venu ;
Ceo qu'orent aporté, orent pres despendu.
Le palle requereient saintement e a nu ;
615 Ja pur simonials n'en sereient tenu.

124 Unc ne porent plus prendre pur tut lur demander.
Mes quant li abes vit k'il ot liu de parler,
E vit les cardunals entur la pape ester,
Sa requeste mult bel cumença a mustrer ;
620 Mes n'i volt mot de lei ne de decré soner.

125 " Sire, fet il, ceo dit Deus, ki est veritez
(Par tut le deveiz fere, quant el liu Deu seez) :
'Demandez justement ', fet Deus, 'e vus l'avrez ;
Querez le seintement, e vus le troverez ;
625 Li uis vus ert overz, s'al verrai us butez '.
126 " Mult sumes travaillié e mult de luinz venum.
Ceo que volum aver saintement demandum ;
Ici devom trover ceo que nus requerum.
Vus nus overeiz l'us ; dignement i butum.
Vus estes 630 el liu Deu, Deu en vos troverum. "

127 Dunc li dist l'apostoille, quant il ot parfiné :
" Frater , tu prendras ci ceo que as demandé.
Tu l'as quis justement, e tu l'avras trové ;
Nus t'overum mes l'uis, car tu i as buté. "
635 Dunc aveit hum avant le palliun porté.

128 Le palliun lur a l'apostoile chargié,
E il s'en sunt od tut ariere repairié.
Einsi i vint Thomas senz dun e senz pechié ;
N'i ad pur ceo denier ne or n'argent baillié.
640 Essample i deivent prendre li successur del sié.



[Note: John of Salisbury was a member of the group who went to fetch Becket's pallium.]

References




Guernes (de Pont-Sainte-Maxence); tr. Jacques Thomas (2002). La vie de Saint Thomas de Canterbury. Volume 1.  pp. 61- Peeters. ISBN 978-90-429-1188-8.

Garnier de Pont Sainte Maxence (1859). Celestin Hippeau, ed. La vie de saint Thomas le martyr, publ. par C. Hippeau. pp. 24–.
La vie de saint Thomas le martyr: archevêque de Canterbury pp. 24-
edited by Célestin Hippeau

La vie de Saint Thomas le martyr  pp. 22-
edited by Emmanual Wahlberg 1922
Lines 596-640 Stanzas 120-128
Guernes (de Pont-Sainte-Maxence); trans Jacques Thomas (2002). La vie de Saint Thomas de Canterbury. Peeters. ISBN 978-90-429-1188-8.

Janet Shirley (1975). Garnier's Becket: Translated from the 12th-century Vie Saint Thomas Le Martyr de Cantorbire of Garnier of Pont-Sainte-Maxence. Llanerch. ISBN 978-1-86143-023-6.


Anne J. Duggan (2016). Pope Alexander III (1159–81): The Art of Survival. Chapter 8 Curius Case of Becket's Pallium: Taylor & Francis. pp. 348–. ISBN 978-1-317-07836-4.

The Pallium
The Catholic Historical Review
Vol. 8, No. 1 (Apr., 1922), pp. 64-71
Published by: Catholic University of America Press
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25006266

John Morris; Saint Thomas (à Becket) (1859). The Life and Martyrdom of Saint Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, Etc. pp. 57–.

Frank Barlow (1990). Thomas Becket. University of California Press. pp. 73–. ISBN 978-0-520-07175-9.

Gervase of Canterbury vol 1 p.171
http://www.archive.org/stream/historicalworks00offigoog#page/n234/mode/1up
[Says Pope was already at Sens]
 

Friday, 20 May 2016

The Miracle Cure of Blind Eilward

The Blinding and Emasculation of Eilward


References

Koopmans, Rachel. "Narrating the Saint’s Works: Conversations, Personal Stories, and the Making of Cults." In Wonderful to Relate: Miracle Stories and Miracle Collecting in High Medieval England, 9-27. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt3fj625.5

St. Thomas of Canterbury, his death and miracles
by Edwin Abbott, 1898 Becket Miracle §710 p.80-

The Miracle of St. Thomas' Cure of Blind Eilward - Professor William Ayliffe


The Archaeological Journal.Volume 33
March 1876
NOTES ON EARLY GLASS IN CANTERBURY CATHEDRAL.
By W. J. LOFTIE
http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-1132-1/dissemination/pdf/033/033_001_014.pdf