Saturday 21 December 2013

Reconciliation with the Church at Avranches, 1172 

John McClintock; James Strong (1894). Cyclopaedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature. Harper. p. 278.
https://archive.org/stream/cyclopaediabibl03mcclgoog#page/n290/mode/1up






AVRANCHES (1172). {Concilium Avrincatense.} Held 
on the 22nd of May 1172, the cardinal legates, Theodinus 
and Albert, presided. Henry the Second of England, hav 
ing taken the oath which the pope's legates required of him, 
and annulled all the unlawful customs which had been 
established in his time, and done penance, was absolved 
from his participation in the assassination of Becket. 
Amongst other things, Henry engaged, 1st, not to withdraw 
from the obedience of the Pope Alexander III. or of his 
successors, so long as they continued to acknowledge him 
as Catholic king of England. 2ndly, That he would not 
hinder appeals to Rome. 3rdly, He promised, at the 
coming Christmas, to take the cross for three years, and in 
the year following to set out for Jerusalem; unless the 
pope should grant a dispensation, and unless he was obliged 
to go to Spain to oppose the Saracens. 

This was rather an assembly than a council. The real 
council of Avranches, in this year, was not held until the 
27th or 28th of September. The king then renewed his 
oath, adding to it some expressions of attachment and 
obedience to Alexander. 

Twelve canons were then drawn up, enacting, amongst 
other matters, that it should not be lawful to appoint infants 
to benefices with cure of souls; that the incumbents of 
parishes, who could afford it, should be compelled to have 
an assisting priest ; that it should not be lawful for a 
husband or wife to enter upon a monastic life whilst the 
other continued in the world. Abstinence and fasting 
during Advent were recommended to all who could bear it, 
and especially to the clergy. Tom. x. Cone. p. 1457








Extract from



Roger (of Hoveden); Henry Thomas Riley (1853). The annals of Roger de Hoveden: Comprising the history of England and of other countries of Europe from A.D. 732 to A.D. 1201. Volume 1. H.G. Bohn. pp. 355–62. 



The Purgation of King Henry for the death of the blessed Thomas. 

Henry, the king of England, the father, king Henry, 
his son, Rotrod, archbishop of Rouen, and all the bishops 
and abbats of Normandy, met at the city of Avranches, in 
presence of the cardinals, Theodinus and Albert. In their 
presence, the king of England, the father, on the fifth day 
before the calends of October, being the fourth day of the 
week, and the feast of Saints Cosmus and Damianus, the 
Martyrs, proved his innocence in the church of Saint 
Andrew the Apostle, by oath, in the presence of the above- 
named cardinals, and of all the clergy and the people, upon 
the relics of the Saints, and upon the Holy Gospels, and that 
he had neither commanded nor wished that the archbishop of 
Canterbury should be put to death, and that, when he heard 
thereof, he was greatly concerned. But, inasmuch as he 
could not apprehend u those malefactors who slew Thomas, 
archbishop of Canterbury, of blessed memory, and he feared 
that they had perpetrated that profane deed in consequence of 
his agitated state of mind and the perturbation in which they 
had seen him, he made oath that he would give satisfaction in 
the following manner : 

In the first place, he made oath that he would not with- 
draw from Alexander, the Supreme Pontiff, and his Catholic 
successors, so long as they should repute him to be a Catholic 
king. 

He also made oath that he would neither prevent appeals nor 
allow them to be prevented, but that they should be freely made 
in his kingdom to the Roman Pontiff in causes ecclesiastical ; 
yet so, that if any parties shoiild be suspected by him, they 
should give him security that they would not seek the injury 
of him or of his kingdom. 

He also made oath that, for a period of three years from 
the Nativity of our Lord then next ensuing he would assume 
the cross, and would in the following summer go in person to 
Jerusalem, unless he should remain at home by permission of 
Alexander, the Supreme Pontiff, or of his Catholic succes- 
sors : provided, that if in the meantime, by reason of urgent 
necessity, he should set out for Spain to war against the Sara- 
cens, then for so long a period as he should be engaged in that 
expedition he might defer setting out for Jerusalem 

Besides this, he made oath that in the meantime he would 
give to the Templars as much money as in the opinion of the 
brethren of the Temple would suffice for the maintenance of 
two hundred knights, for the defence of the land of Jerusalem, 
during a period of one year. 

Besides this, he remitted his wrath and displeasure against 
all those, both clergy and laity, who were in exile for the cause 
of Saint Thomas, and allowed them freely and peacefully 
to return home. 

He also made oath that the possessions of the church of 
Canterbury, if any had been taken away, he would restore in 
full, in the same state in which they were one year before 
the blessed Thomas, archbishop of Canterbury, had departed 
from England. 

He also made oath that he would utterly abolish the customs 
which had been introduced in his time to the prejudice of the 
churches of his kingdom.

All these articles he made oath that he would observe faith- 
fully and without evil-intent. He also made his son,king Henry, 
swear to observe these articles, those excepted which only re- 
lated personally to himself. And, to the intent that the same 
might be retained in the memory of the Eoman Church, the 
king, the father, caused his seal to be set to the writing in 
which the above-stated articles were contained, together with 
the seals of the above-named cardinals. 

The Charter of Absolution of our lord the King. 

"To Henry, by the grace of God, the illustrious king of the 
English, Albert titular of Saint Laurentius in Lucinia, and 
Theodinus, titular of Saint Vitalis, cardinal priests, legates of 
the Apostolic See, health in Him who giveth health unto 
kings. That the things which take place may not come to be 
matter of doubt, both custom suggests and the ordinary re- 
quirements of utility demand that the same should be regularly 
stated at length in writing. For this reason it is that we have 
thought proper to have committed to writing those injunctions 
which we have given you, because you entertain a fear that 
those malefactors who slew Thomas of blessed memory, the late 
archbishop of Canterbury, proceeded to the commission of that 
crime in consequence of your agitated state of mind and the 
perturbation in which they saw you to be. As to which deed, 
however, you have of your own free-will exculpated yourself in 
our presence, to the effect that you neither gave command nor 
wished that he should be put to death ; and that, when news 
reached you of the same, you were greatly concerned thereat. 
From the ensuing feast of Pentecost, for the period of one 
year, you shall give as much money as in the opinion of the 
brethren of the Temple will suffice to maintain two hundred 
knights for the defence of the land of Jerusalem during a 
period of one year. Also, from the Nativity of our Lord 
next ensuing, for a period of three years, you shall assume 
the cross, and shall in the ensuing summer in person set 
out for Jerusalem, unless you shall remain at home by the 
permission of our lord the pope, or of his Catholic successors ; 
provided that if, by reason of urgent necessity, you shall set 
out for Spain to war against the Saracens, so long a period as 
shall elapse from the time of your setting out you shall be 
enabled to defer setting out for Jerusalem. You shall not
prevent appeals, nor allow them to be prevented ; but they 
shall freely be made to the Roman Pontiff, in causes eccle- 
siastical, in good faith, and without fraud and evil-intent, 
in order that causes may be considered by the Eoman Pontiff, 
and be brought to a conclusion by him ; yet so, that if any 
parties shall be suspected by you, they shall give you security 
that they will not seek the injury of you or of your kingdom. 
The customs which have been introduced in your time, to the 
prejudice of the churches of your kingdom, you shall utterly 
abolish. The possessions of the church of Canterbury, if any 
have been taken away, you shall restore in full, in the same 
state in which they were one year before the archbishop de- 
parted from England. Moreover, to the clerks and to the laity of 
either sex, you shall restore your protection and favor and their 
possessions, who, by reason of the before-named archbishop, 
have been deprived thereof. These things, by the authority of 
our lord the pope, we do, for the remission of your sins, enjoin 
and command you to observe, without fraud and evil-intent. 
Wherefore, to the above effect, in the presence of a multitude of 
persons, you have, as you venerate the Divine Majesty, made 
oath. Tour son, also, has made oath to the same effect, with 
the exception only of that which in especial related personally 
to yourself. You have also both made oath that you will not 
withdraw from our lord the pope, Alexander, and his Catholic 
successors, so long as they shall repute you, like your prede- 
cessors, to be Catholic kings. And further, that this may 
be firmly retained in the memory of the Roman Church, you 
have ordered your seal to be set thereto."

The Letter of the same Cardinals to the archbishop of Ravenna. 

" To their venerable and beloved brother in Christ, Gilbert, 
by the grace of God, archbishop of Ravenna, Albert, by the 
Divine condescension, titular of Saint Laurentius inLucinia, and 
Theodinus, titular of Saint Vitalis, cardinal priests, legates of 
the Apostolic See, that which God has promised that He will 
grant unto the watchful. Inasmuch as we believe that you are 
desirous to hear somewhat relative to our present state and the 
progress of the business which was entrusted to our charge; we 
have thought proper by this present writing to inform your bro- 
therhood how God has dealt as towards ourselves and through 
the ministry of our humble exertions. Know, therefore, that
satisfaction for the same. In the first place, he made oath 
that he will not withdraw from our lord the pope, Alexander, 
and his Catholic successors, so long as they shall repute him 
to be a Catholic king and a Christian. The same he also made 
his eldest son swear in the charter of absolution for the death 
of the blessed Thomas. He also promised on oath other things 
very necessary for the clergy and for the people ; all of which 
we have carefully and in their order as he swore them set forth 
in the charter of his absolution. He also promised other things 
of his own free-will to be carried out, which are not necessary 
in their order to be committed to writing. We have written to 
you to this effect, that you may know that he is obedient to 
God, and much more disposed to be duteous to the Divine 
will than heretofore he has been. In addition to this, you 
must know that his son made oath to the same effect with him- 
self in relation to the customs above-mentioned. Besides 
this, he publicly announced that he would repeat again, at 
Caen, all that had passed there, in presence of a greater assem- 
blage of persons, in order that there might be left to no one any 
room to doubt his sincerity. He has also released the bishops 
from the promise which they made to him as to observing 
the customs, and has promised that he will not exact this in 
future."

 



References



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Chapter VIII

Ne in dubium: The Official Record of Henry II's

Reconciliation at Avranches, 21 May 1172





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In 1172 (September 27–28) a council was held at Avranches apropos of the troubles caused in the English Church by the murder of the Anglo-Norman saint Thomas Becket. Henry II, King of England, after due penance done in Avranches on 21 May 1172, was absolved from the censures incurred by the assassination of the holy prelate, and reached the Compromise of Avranches with the Church, swearing fidelity to Pope Alexander III in the person of the papal legate.















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super verbo quod protulit ex improviso coram militibus, ex quo occasionem acceperunt occidendi Sanctum Thomam Archiepiscopum; edita a Magistro Radulfo Prumicensi, Monacho Cluniacensi, versibus rhythmicis.







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King Henry II's Meeting with the Papal Legate 1175

and Letter to Pope Alexander III 1176 



King Henry II met with Huguzon, the papal legate, at Windsor in 1175, at which he secured an agreement that clerics caught trespassing [hunting and taking game] in the royal forests lost the benefit of their clergy and could be prosecuted in the king's courts.



The hunting for game in a clamorous manner by religious persons was contrary to Canon Law



[A much, much later Charter of the Forests allowed members of the aristocracy including archbishops, bishops and abbots to hunt for a limited amount of game in the royal forest,]



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George Lyttelton Baron Lyttelton (1787). The History of the Life of King Henry the Second Volume IV  J. Dodsley. pp. 264–.







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Gervase of Canterbury; William Stubbs. The Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury. Volume II. Cambridge University Press. pp. 256–. ISBN 978-1-108-05160-6.




 



Great Britain; Owen Ruffhead (1763). The Statutes at Large, from Magna Charta to the End of the reign of King George the Third. Mark Basket. pp. 13–. 



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Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)- Canons on Hunting - Wikisource 



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Origines Anglicanae, or, A history of the English Church from the conversion of the English Saxons till the death of King John : Inett, John Volume 2 Chapter XIV



John Inett (1855). Origines Anglicanae, Or a History of the English Church from the Conversion of the English Saxons Till the Death of King John. Part II -->>: University Press. pp. 367–.































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