Thursday 30 January 2014

Henry II's Penance at the Tomb of St. Thomas Becket at Canterbury, 12th July 1174

K. Hen. II whipt by the Popes Order
http://www.fromoldbooks.org/Burton-WonderfulProdigies/pages/p112-King-henry-Whipped/#details


Extract from

Chap. XXXV - Of the memorable penance of the King of England, and of its consequence.

[In 1173, Henry's sons, aided by the king of France, revolted; the king of Scotland also took the opportunity to invade England from the north.  In July 1174 Henry sought divine aid against the rebels.]
King Henry the second had now come into England from Normandy, to throw the strength of his presence against his son, who was expected to arrive with the Flemish forces; but remembering how much he had sinned against the church of Canterbury, he proceeded thither immediately he had landed, and prayed, freely shedding tears, at the tomb of Thomas, the blessed bishop. On entering the chapter of the monks, he prostrated himself on the ground, and with the utmost humility entreated pardon; and, at his urgent petition, he, though so great a man, was corporally beaten with rods by all the brethren in succession. On the following night, in a dream, it was said to a certain venerable old monk of that church, "Hast thou not seen today a marvellous miracle of royal humility? Know that the result of those events which are passing around him will shortly declare how much his royal humility has pleased the King of kings." I learned this from that most reverend and simple-minded man, Roger, abbot of Byland, who, while relating it, said that he had heard it from a trustworthy person, who was accidentally staying at that very time in Kent. He who touches the mountains and they smoke, [Psalm 144:5] soon after clearly made known, by a notable proof, how much He valued hat devotion of that smoking mountain; for on that day, and, as it is said, at that very hour in which that mountain gave forth smoke at Canterbury, the divine power overthrew his most mighty enemy the king of Scots, in the extreme confines of England: so that the reward of that pious work might not seem to have followed the work itself, but rather to have attended it, so that no man might be suffered to be in suspense on this point. This prince, departing from Canterbury, hastened to London, and having sent his military forces forward against Hugh Bigot, he made a short stay there, having been let blood. When lo! in the middle of the night, a very swift messenger, sent by Ralph de Glanville, knocked at the gate of the palace. Being rebuked by the porter and the guards, and ordered to be quiet, he knocked the louder, saying that he brought good news on his lips, which it was positively necessary that the king should hear that very night. His pertinacity at length overcame them, especially as they hoped that he came to announce good tidings. On being admitted within the door, in the same manner he over-persuaded the royal chamberlains. When he was introduced into the royal chamber, he boldly went to the king’s couch, and aroused him from sleep. The king, on awaking, said, "Who art thou?" To which he replied, "I am the attendant upon Ralph de Glanville, your faithful liegeman, by whom I have been sent to your highness; and I come to bring good tidings." "Ralph, our friend! Is he well?" asked the king. "He is well, my lord," he answered; "and, behold, he holds your enemy the king of Scots, captive in chains at Richmond." The king astonished at his news, said, "Say on ;" but he only reiterated his words. "Have you no letters ?" he asked; on which he produced sealed letters, containing a detail of what had been done. The king, instantly inspecting them, leaped from his bed, and, with the deepest emotion, rendered thanks, moistened with pious tears, to Him who alone does wondrous things. He then summoned the people of his household, and made them partakers of his joy. In the morning came also other messengers, reporting the same; but only one, that is, he who had come first received the gratuity. The good tidings were immediately made public, amidst the earnest acclamations of the people, and the ringing of bells in all parts of London.


References

Ecclesiastical History Society. Summer Meeting (2011). Saints and Sanctity. Gesine Oppitz-Trotman; Penance, Mercy and Saintly Authority In The Miracles of Thomas Becket: DS Brewer. pp. 136–. ISBN 978-0-9546809-8-5.
Stephen Morillo (editor). The Haskins Society Journal. Volume 11 (1998). Boydell Press.ISBN 978-0-85115-929-4.

Thomas K. Keefe 8 Shrine Time: King Henry II's Visits to Thomas Becket's Tomb Haskins Society Journal 11 (1998) pp. 115-22.

The Normans in Canterbury 
W. Urry Annales de Normandie 1958 Volume 8 No. 8-2 pp. 137-8

Rev R.W. Eyton (1878) Court, household, and itinerary of King Henry II. Taylor, London p. 180, footnote 3. 
Story of Henry II's Penance at the Tomb of St. Thomas Becket at Canterbury, 12th July 1174

Martin Bouquet; Jean Baptiste Haudiquier; Charles Michel Haudiquier; Étienne Housseau, German Poirier, François Clement, Joseph Noel Wailly (known as Natalis de), Michel Jean Joseph Brial, Natalis de Wailly, Joseph Naudet, Pierre Claude François Daunou, Joseph-Daniel Guigniaut, Léopold Delisle, Charles Jourdain. Recueil des historiens des Gaules et de la France ....  Volume 12 Aux dépens des librairies. pp. 443–.


Lister M. Matheson (2012). Icons of the Middle Ages: Rulers, Writers, Rebels, and Saints. ABC-CLIO. pp. 94–. ISBN 978-0-313-34080-2.


Stephen Morillo (May 2003). "Thomas K. Keefe: Shrine Time - Henry II's Visits to Thomas Becket's Tomb". The Haskins Society Journal 11: 1998 Studies in Medieval History. Boydell Press. pp. 115–. ISBN 978-0-85115-929-4.

Vincent, N. (2002) The pilgrimages of the Angevin kings of England 1154-1272. In: Morris, Colin and Roberts, P., eds. Pilgrimage: The English Experience from Becket to Bunyan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 12-45 ISBN 9780521808118
Colin Morris; Peter Roberts (2002). Pilgrimage: The English Experience from Becket to Bunyan. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-80811-8. pp 12-45

La vie de Saint Thomas le martyr. lines 5921-36
https://archive.org/stream/laviedesaintthom00gueruoft#page/200/mode/2up

http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/king-henry-ii-doing-penance-before-the-shrine-of-thomas-a-news-photo/463952427


Henry II's Monastic Foundations
Elizabeth M. Hallam (1977). Henry II as a Founder of Monasteries. The Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 28, pp 113-132.
http://journals.cambridge.org/article_S0022046900044419

Giraldi Cambrensis opera (1861) Volume VIII
https://archive.org/stream/giraldicambrensi08gira#page/170/mode/1up

Colum Hourihane (6 December 2012). The Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture. Oxford University Press. pp. 4–. ISBN 978-0-19-539536-5.

The Ecclesiastical Foundations of Henry II
John T. Appleby
The Catholic Historical Review
Vol. 48, No. 2 (Jul., 1962), pp. 205-215
http://www.jstor.org/stable/25017033

Martinson, Amanda M. "THE MONASTIC PATRONAGE OF KING HENRY II IN ENGLAND, 1154-1189." Research@StAndrews:FullText: 
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/470

The Refoundation of Waltham Abbey

The foundation of Waltham Abbey by William Stubbs

Houses of Austin canons - Abbey of Waltham Holy Cross - A History of the County of Essex- Volume 2 (pp. 166-172)

Thomas Fuller (1840). The history of the University of Cambridge: and of Waltham Abbey. With the Appeal of injured innocence. II. The Refoundation of Waltham Abbey by Henry II: Printed for T. Tegg. pp. 259–


Edward Wedlake Brayley (1834). The graphic & historical illustrator, ed. by E.W. Brayley. pp. 97–.

John Maynard (1865). The Parish of Waltham Abbey: Its History and Antiquities. J.R. Smith. pp. 15–.



'Waltham Holy Cross,' in An Inventory of the Historical Monuments in Essex, Volume 2, Central and South west (London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1921), 237-246, accessed July 20, 2015, http://www.british-history.ac.uk/rchme/essex/vol2/pp237-246

'Houses of Austin canons: Abbey of Waltham Holy Cross,' in A History of the County of Essex: Volume 2, ed. William Page and J Horace Round (London: Victoria County History, 1907), 166-172, accessed July 20, 2015, http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/essex/vol2/pp166-172

William Beattie (1842). The castles and abbeys of England. pp. 268–.

Visitation to Waltham Abbey 1177

The Abbot of Waltham Abbey of the Holy Cross was a mitred abbot.
Wido Rufus [Guido Ruffus], the last dean, was on a number of occasions Henry II's envoy to the Pope.


Amesbury Abbey

 In 1175, the year in which Thomas Becket was murdered in Canterbury Cathedral, Henry II was the King involved in the murder. He was offered absolution by the Pope on condition that he founded three abbeys. He found excuses to evict the "English" nuns at Amesbury Abbey and started to refurbish the Abbey on a grand scale. In 1177, King Henry II re-founded the Abbey as part of the Order of Fontevrault, extending the buildings. Royal favor was enjoyed by the Abbey during the ensuing centuries, with further extensions taking place.


'Houses of Benedictine nuns: Abbey, later priory, of Amesbury,' in A History of the County of Wiltshire: Volume 3, ed. R B Pugh and Elizabeth Crittall (London: Victoria County History, 1956), 242-259,  http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/wilts/vol3/pp242-259

John Timbs (1870). Abbeys, Castles, and Ancient Halls of England and Wales: Their Legendary Lore, and Popular History. By John Timbs. Amesbury Monastery: Fred. Warne & Company. pp. 181–.

Fuller - History of Waltham Abbey
https://archive.org/stream/historyuniversi00nichgoog#page/n301/mode/1up

Witham Charterhouse

Houses of Carthusian monks - The priory of Witham - A History of the County of Somerset- Volume 2 (pp. 123-128)

'Houses of Carthusian monks: The priory of Witham,' in A History of the County of Somerset: Volume 2, ed. William Page (London: Victoria County History, 1911), 123-128, accessed July 14, 2015, http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/som/vol2/pp123-128
 
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