Tuesday, 4 February 2014

The Cult of Thomas

The Cult of Becket was at least as far ranging and important for Western Christendom as was the Cult of Delphi for Ancient Greece. It was largely because of the Cult that we remember Becket today as a historical figure: a huge hagiographic industry soon grew up around his martyrdom. In his day Becket was a national hero, of a similar stature that Nelson was later on in his own time

It was the very body of Becket which started the Cult. Fearing a possible attempt by the murderers to take it away out of the church and dump it in some unholy place, Becket was hastily buried by the monks of Canterbury in a marble crypt. Under the guidance of the canons of the Church of Canterbury there soon arose a Cult around this tomb. This not only indicated that indeed Becket had been martyred, but that the murderers obviously had been serious criminals. Also the Cult was even  seen to be as a permanent thorn in the side of the king Henry, because the responsibility of the murder was laid on his shoulders: the growing Cult was clear and living proof of his guilt. As long as the king had not paid for his crime there remained a certain unrest in his kingdom. This situation only came to be resolved following the penance of Henry in 1174 at the new tomb of Becket which had been erected specially for him. 

Soon after his murder a huge number of miracles became attributed to Becket. These continued to appear long after his death. However as time passed fewer and fewer were recorded. Miracles stories had a great popularity amongst pilgrims and locals. It was customary to visit the place where it was recorded that the miracles had taken place, which usually was in the vicinity of the tomb and relics of a saint. In this way miracles stories were essential to the development of a Cult. Almost immediately after his death the collection of Becket's relics at Canterbury began to receive pilgrims. The Cult was seen not so much to be  about the marauding killers who had battered him to death but was more for the veneration of objects that had been directly associated with him, namely his clothing and blood which mattered much more. The monks had even filled a keg claiming it was his blood. These relics in turn reinforced just how important the event of his murder had been.

If Magna Carta documented the constitutional limits to royal power in England, the translation of Becket's remains to his new shrine in Canterbury cathedral on 7th July 1220 by Stephen Langton, archbishop of Canterbury laid down, represented or symbolised those limits spiritually. Here was the prime monument to the nation's pre-eminent martyr. Every pilgrim to Canterbury who may have gone primarily for health reasons, would soon have learned in more detail about how Thomas Becket had challenged royal authority, and died for it as a martyr to liberty, even if only for the liberty of the Church. His death was nothing less than defiance of the royal tyranny of the Angevins. It was thus the Cult of Becket became a political matter. The Cult of Becket became far more than the historical person himself. The Roman Church's liberty in England was untouchable, unquestionable for hundreds of years afterwards.

 References




General

Thomas Becket: Friends, Networks, Texts and Cult
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Chapter IX 
The Cult of St Thomas Becket in the Thirteenth Century

Ludger Körntgen; Dominik Waßenhoven (2013). Religion and Politics in the Middle Ages / Religion und Politik im Mittelalter: Germany and England by Comparison / Deutschland und England im Vergleich. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 194–.ISBN 978-3-11-026204-9.


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Stephen Wilson (1985). Saints and Their Cults: Studies in Religious Sociology, Folklore and History. CUP Archive. pp. 335–. ISBN 978-0-521-31181-6.

Stephen Wilson (1985). Saints and Their Cults: Studies in Religious Sociology, Folklore and History. CUP Archive. ISBN 978-0-521-31181-6.

Stephen Wilson (1985). Saints and Their Cults: Studies in Religious Sociology, Folklore and History. CUP Archive. pp. 189–. ISBN 978-0-521-31181-6. 

Christopher de Hamel (6 August 2020). The Book in the Cathedral: The Last Relic of Thomas Becket. Penguin Books Limited. ISBN 978-0-14-199425-3.

Joseph Fontenrose (1971). The Ritual Theory of Myth. University of California Press. pp. 15–. ISBN 978-0-520-01924-9.

Konrad Hoffmann (1970). The Year 1200: A centennial exhibition at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, February 12 through May 10, 1970. 1. Metropolitan Museum of Art. pp. 71–. ISBN 978-0-87099-001-4.

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The Spread of the Cults of Thomas of Canterbury and Peter of Verona
Donald S. Prudlo,
Jacksonville State University



Beverly Mayne Kienzle (1996). Models of Holiness in Medieval Sermons: Proceedings of the International Symposium (Kalamazoo, 4-7 May 1995). Phyllis B. Roberts: Saint Thomas Becket the construction and deconstruction of a saint from the Middle Ages: Fédération Intrnationale des Instituts d'Études Médiévales. pp. 1–22.

Phyllis Barzillay Roberts (1992). Thomas Becket in the Medieval Latin Preaching Tradition: An Inventory of Sermons about St. Thomas Becket C. 1170-c. 1400. Nijhoff.

Tom Nickson (2020) Light, Canterbury and the Cult of St Thomas, Journal of the British Archaeological Association, 173:1, 78-99, DOI: 10.1080/00681288.2020.1792060

Teaching History with 100 Objects - The Martyrdom of St Thomas Becket

Thomas Becket and the Royal Abbey of Reading
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Freiburger Diözesan-Archiv  Band 80 (1960) pp. 97-166
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Visions, Reliquaries, and the Image of “Becket’s Shrine” in the Miracle Windows of Canterbury Cathedral
Rachel Koopmans
Gesta
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Thomas F. Head (2001). Medieval Hagiography: An Anthology. Chapter 26: Liturgical Offices for the Cult of St. Thomas Becket: Psychology Press. pp. 561–94. ISBN 978-0-415-93753-5.

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Santo Tomás Becket Marta Poza Yagüe
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Martir quod Stillat Primatis ab Ore Sigillat: Sea
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2012/09/01
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Martir quod Stillat Primatis ab Ore Sigillat Sealed with the Blood of Becket

Nicholas Vincent; Research Fellow Peterhouse Nicholas Vincent; Vincent Nicholas (13 December 2001). The Holy Blood: King Henry III and the Westminster Blood Relic. Cambridge University Press. pp. 45–. ISBN 978-0-521-57128-9.

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W.H. Hutton (1910)
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Helen Parish (2015). Superstition and Magic in Early Modern Europe: A Reader. Bloomsbury Academic.  ISBN 978-1-4411-6876-4.

Colin Morris; Peter Roberts (2002). "Richard Gameson: The Early Imagery of Thomas Becket". Pilgrimage: The English Experience from Becket to Bunyan. Cambridge University Press. pp. 46–89. ISBN 978-0-521-80811-8.

Colin Morris; Peter Roberts (2002). Pilgrimage: The English Experience from Becket to Bunyan. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–. ISBN 978-0-521-80811-8.

Linda Kay Davidson; David Martin Gitlitz (2002). Pilgrimage: From the Ganges to Graceland : an Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. pp. 79–. ISBN 978-1-57607-004-8


John Anthony Burrow; Ian P. Wei (2000). Medieval Futures: Attitudes to the Future in the Middle Ages. Boydell & Brewer. pp. 70–. ISBN 978-0-85115-779-5.

Once I Was A Clever Boy Blog - The cult of St Thomas in art

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Foreville (Raymonde). Le jubilé de saint Thomas Becket du XIIIe au XVe siècle (1220-1470).
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La diffusion du culte de Thomas Becket dans la France de l'Ouest avant la fin du XIIe siècle
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AuthorSimon, G.-A.
TitleRecherches historiques et archéologiques sur le séjour de Saint Thomas Becket à Lisieux en 1170 / par l'abbé G.-A. Simon.
ImprintCaen : L. Jouan & R. Bigot, 1926.


Les Saints dans la Normandie médiévale - Thomas Becket en Normandie - Presses universitaires de Caen
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Fournée Jean. Les lieux de culte de Saint Thomas Becket en Normandie. In: Annales de Normandie, 45e année n°4, 1995. pp. 377-392.
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Yves Petit (1999). Thomas Becket et la Normandie. Editions Charles Corlet. ISBN 978-2-85480-558-1.

Mémoires de la Société Académique
d'Archéologie, Sciences & Arts
du Departement de l'Oise
Tome XIII Premiere Partie
1886 par M. l'Abbé Renet
Saint Thomas Becket
Ses Historiens, Son Culte,
Sa Naissance, Son Passage, Ses Parents
Dans Le Beauvaisis
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Foreville Raymonde. Mort et survie de saint Thomas Becket. In: Cahiers de civilisation médiévale. 14e année (n°53), Janvier-mars 1971. pp. 21-38.
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url : /web/revues/home/prescript/article/ccmed_0007-9731_1971_num_14_53_1879

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Joseph P. Creamer
PhD Thesis University of Washington

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British Library Add. Ms 59616 ff1-11
The customary of the shrine of St. Thomas Becket
Transcribed and translated in
D.H. Turner 'The Customary of the Shrine of St Thomas Becket', The Canterbury Chronicle, no. 70
(Canterbury, 1976), pp. 16-22.
discussed in
Canterbury Cathedral Chronicle (April 1986)

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The marketing of the holy dead in the High Middle Ages : with special reference to England and the cult of St Thomas Becket
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eThesis 
University of Reading  2004
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The monastic patronage of King Henry II in England, 1154-1189
by Martinson, Amanda M.
eThesis
University of St Andrews 2008

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Marcus Graham Bull (1999). The Miracles of Our Lady of Rocamadour: Analysis and Translation. Boydell & Brewer. pp. 51–. ISBN 978-0-85115-765-8.

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Wilfrid Bonser
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http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=11925898

Bells Called "Great Tom"

These have generally been named after Thomas Becket.

There are at least four:
Great Tom in Tom Tower, Christchurch College, Oxford.
Great Tom in Lincoln Cathedral.
Great Tom of Westminster, replaced by Big Ben
Great Tom, the hour bell in the South West Tower of St Pauls Cathedral, London.

Tom Tower - Wikipedia
Great Tom of Lincoln
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Tom

Notes and Queries. Great Tom of Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1865. pp. 379–.

Literary gentleman (1828). Notes of a Bookworm; Or Selections from the Portfolio. Flutter. pp. 24–.

Bells of Norton Bavant
It is quite possible, too, that Norton Bavant has a trace of him in one of the bells, which bears this inscription : — "Sancte Tome, ora pro nobis"

Canterbury Cathedral: Shrine of Becket, Badges and Medals




Thomas Becket Seal: Thomas Becket had what must have been a very impressive gem seal, again of Augustan date, depicting a standing image of Mercury leaning against a column set in a matrix reading: + sigillvm tome lvnd (The seal of Thomas of London). It is only preserved on a document concerning Holy Trinity, Aldgate dated 1162.
The Archaeological journal : British Archaeological Association. -  Internet Archive

Teresa Grace Frisch (1987). "Gervase of Canterbury: The New Architecture". Gothic Art 1140-c. 1450: Sources and Documents. University of Toronto Press. pp. 14–. ISBN 978-0-8020-6679-4.


Trinity Chapel - Wikipedia

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Desiderius Erasmus. Pilgrimages to saint Mary of Walsingham and saint Thomas of Canterbury [from the Colloquia] translated by J. G. Nichols (1849).

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J. Charles (2010). Shrines of British Saints. Waddell Press. ISBN 978-1-4465-2626-2.

James Charles Wall (1905). Shrines of British Saints. Methuen & Company.

Shrines of British Saints - Thomas


Ramirez, Edgar Brandon. (2014). The Canterbury Roll: A Viewer's Guide of the Twelve Typological Windows at Canterbury Cathedral. UC Riverside: Art History.
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1hg1612q

John Murray (Firm); Richard John King (1868). Handbook for Travellers in Kent and Sussex. J. Murray. pp. 409–.

Colin Morris; Peter Roberts (2002). Pilgrimage: The English Experience from Becket to Bunyan. Cambridge University Press. pp. 48–. ISBN 978-0-521-80811-8.

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Historyfish.net British Shrines, Wall, Chapter Four, part four
The history and description of the shrines of Sainted and Martyred British Prelates and Priests,
Chapter Four, part four of J. Charles Wall's, Shrines of British Saints.
Shrines Of Prelates And Priests: St. Thomas Of Canterbury

Arthur Penrhyn Stanley (1872). Historical Memorials of Canterbury: The Landing of Augustine. The Murder of Becket. Edward the Black Prince. Becket's Shrine. J. Murray. pp. 206–.

Arthur Penrhyn Stanley (1868). Historical Memorials of Canterbury: The Landing of Augustine. The Murder of Becket. Edward the Black Prince. Becket's Shrine. J. Murray. pp. 292–.

John R. Butler (July 1996). The Quest for Becket's Bones: The Mystery of the Relics of St. Thomas Becket of Canterbury. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-06895-5.

The Many-Sided Career of Master Elias of Dereham
Josiah Cox Russell
Speculum
Vol. 5, No. 4 (Oct., 1930), pp. 378-387
http://www.jstor.org/stable/2848144
Becket-biography - Canterbury Historical and Archaeological Society

Pilgrims steps - Canterbury Historical and Archaeological Society

The Destruction of the Imagery of Saint Thomas Becket UNT Digital Library 

Sarah Blick; Rita Tekippe (2005). Art and Architecture of Late Medieval Pilgrimage in Northern Europe and the British Isles: Texts. BRILL. pp. 188–. ISBN 90-04-12332-6.
16. Reconstructing the Shrine of St. Thomas Becket, Canterbury Cathedral, Sarah Blick




Becket vinduer - Kunsthistorie [ Becket Windows] - http://goo.gl/ha9LJX

Madeline Harrison Caviness (1981), The Windows of Christ Church Cathedral, Canterbury, British Academy 

Reconstructing the Shrine of St. Thomas Becket, Canterbury Cathedral
Sarah Blick

Konsthistorisk tidskrift/Journal of Art History Vol. 72, Iss. 4, 2003
James Charles Wall (1932). The Four Shrines of St. Thomas at Canterbury. Antiquarian association of the British Isles.

Ben Nilson (2001). Cathedral Shrines of Medieval England. Boydell & Brewer. pp. 1–. ISBN 978-0-85115-808-2.

John Crook (2011). "Chapter 8: The Legacy of Thomas Becket". English Medieval Shrines. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. pp. 213–. ISBN 978-1-84383-682-7.

William Tyndale; John Frith (1831). The works of Tyndale. Ebenezer Palmer. pp. 511–.

Canterbury Cathedral and the Cult of Becket
M. F. Hearn
The Art Bulletin , Vol. 76, No. 1 (Mar., 1994) , pp. 19-52
http://www.jstor.org/stable/3046001

New Studies on Canterbury Cathedral
L. Hoey
Avista
Volume 9 Number 1 (Spring 1995) pp.6-9.

Nick Groom (2012). The Gothic: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. pp. 27–. ISBN 978-0-19-164239-5.


Becket's Crown: Art and Imagination in Gothic England 1170-1300 by Paul Binski; Architecture and Society in Normandy 1120-1270 by Lindy Grant
Malcolm Thurlby
Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians
Vol. 65, No. 4 (Dec., 2006), pp. 623-626
http://www.jstor.org/stable/25068335
  
Lumen ad revelationem gentium : iconographie et liturgie à Christ Church, Canterbury, 1175-1220
by Marie-Pierre Gelin
http://www.theses.fr/en/2005POIT5004

http://www.therosewindow.com/pilot/Canterbury/n-VII-Frame.htm

Est sacra intra locus, venerabilis atque beatus
Praesul ubi sanctus Thomas est martyrizatus







Gervase, Becket, and William of Sens
Peter Kidson
Speculum
Vol. 68, No. 4 (Oct., 1993), pp. 969-991
Published by: Medieval Academy of America
Article Stable URL:http://www.jstor.org/stable/2865493
Woolley, L. (1989). Two Panels from an Orphrey Showing Scenes from the Life of St Thomas of Canterbury. Textile history, 20(2), 265-273.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/004049689793700176

Souvenirs, P. (2001). Comparing Pilgrim Souvenirs and Trinity Chapel Windows at Canterbury Cathedral. Mirator, 1.
http://www.academia.edu/download/30874861/Blick.pdf

History Essays - Canterbury Cult Thomas

Canterbury Miracles and Pilgrims




Pilgrim badge - Wikipedia,

Archaeology of Thomas Becket: Portable Antiquities Scheme Badges
Paul A. Brazinski
The Post Hole
http://www.theposthole.org/sites/theposthole.org/files/downloads/posthole_23_160.pdf

Devotional medal - Wikipedia,

http://www.elfinspell.com/England/Andrews/TheChurchTreasury/PilgrimsSigns.html

http://conclarendon.blogspot.co.uk/2014/02/pilgrims-medallion.html

 Elias of Dereham - DNB
...
Following the award of Magna Carta in 1215 Elias helped distribute the charter around the shires, becoming an enthusiastic adherent of the rebel barons and preaching their cause at St Paul’s cross in London. As a result he was despoiled of his various churches and exiled to France when the Royalist party triumphed in 1217. By 1220 he was pardoned and allowed to return to Langton’s household, assisting the construction of a new shrine to St Thomas Becket  in Canterbury, in which context he is described by the chronicler Matthew Paris as an ‘incomparable artificer’.
...

Howard Loxton (1978). Pilgrimage to Canterbury. David & Charles Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7153-7508-2.

Diana Webb (2000). Pilgrimage in Medieval England. Continuum. ISBN 978-1-85285-250-4.




The Becket Window c.1320 | Christ Church, Oxford

https://goo.gl/sgrfzu
  
The Wine of St. Thomas

 Literae Cantuarienses: the letter books of the Monastery of Christ Church Canterbury
Literae Cantuarienses the letter books Introduction p. lxxvi - lxxxiii



"When Louis VII of France made his annual grant of 1600 gallons of wine to Christ Church Priory, a fee was paid to the Mayor of Fordwych for the use of his crane in lifting the barrels from the boats. Not many years ago, at an audit of the Chapter Accounts, a yearly item of forty shillings was identified as this very fee, which has been regularly paid for centuries, after the "Wine of St. Thomas" had been consumed, discontinued, and forgotten. Whether this odd survival will more interest the historic, or shock the financial, sense of our American visitors is a question of psychology."

Paradox Place

Limoges Reliquary Châsses for Bits of Becket
Locations of some of the 40+ Limoges Becket Châsses still around

Reliquary in Louvre, Paris

Another Reliquary in Louvre

Reliquary in British Museum

 

Limoges casket in Glasgow Museum

http://www.oberlin.edu/images/Art336/cant-0017.JPG
 
Châsse de Thomas Becket
Vers 1200
H : 12,9 ; La : 12,5 ; Pr : 6,6
Limoges, musée municipal de l'Evêché [inv. 90.458]
Achat, 1990 (B. Blondeel et P. Carlier). 

Châsse de Thomas Becket
Vers 1205-1215.
H. 13 ; L. 12,3 ; La 6,7.
Guéret, musée des Beaux-Arts [Inv. OA 4]
Lieu de provenance inconnu.
Déposée au musée avant 1852.



Reliquary of St. Thomas Becket. Champlevé copper, engraved, chased, enameled and gilt. Limoges, ca. 1190–1200. From Palencia, region of León, Spain.

Some reliquaries

Véronique Notin (1999). Valérie et Thomas Becket: de l'influence des princes Plantagenêt dans l'œuvre de Limoges. Musée municipal de l'Évêché-Musée de l'émail. ISBN 978-2-9506813-6-2. http://goo.gl/ilTqox

Medieval Images of the Saint Thomas Becket Story

Becket Window - Chartres Cathedral

 Chartres Cathedral Bay 18: Becket

Stained Glass of Canterbury Cathedral


Chaucer's Canterbury Tales and Leland's Piers Plowman

Geoffrey Chaucer (2008). The Riverside Chaucer. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-955209-2.

Geoffrey Chaucer (2011). The Kelmscott Chaucer. CRW Publishing, Limited. ISBN 978-1-907360-51-0.
https://archive.org/details/worksofgeoffreyc00chau_0

Laura C. Lambdin; Robert T. Lambdin (1999). Chaucer's Pilgrims: An Historical Guide to the Pilgrims in The Canterbury Tales. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 1–. ISBN 978-0-275-96629-4.

Warner, L. (2003). Becket and the Hopping Bishops. The Yearbook of Langland Studies, 17(1), 107-134.
http://brepols.metapress.com/content/bg0130h005r27412/fulltext.pdf?page=1

William Langland (1988). Piers Plowman B Version. University of California Press. pp. 564–. ISBN 978-0-520-06230-6.

Other Literature

Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres (France).; Congrégation de Saint-Maur (1856). Histoire littéraire de la France: Fin du treizième siècle. chez Firmin Didot freres. pp. 367–.


Linda Clark; Carole Rawcliffe (2013). The Fifteenth Century XII: Society in an Age of Plague. Pilgrimage in an Age of Plague: Boydell Press. pp. 57–. ISBN 978-1-84383-875-3


The Relyk of a Seint: A Gloss on Chaucer's Pilgrimage
Daniel Knapp
ELH
Vol. 39, No. 1 (Mar., 1972), pp. 1-26
Published by: Johns Hopkins University Press
DOI: 10.2307/2872288



Music
Dennis Stevens: Thomas Becket et la Musique Médiévale". Actes Du Colloque International de Sedieres. Editions Beauchesne. pp. 277–84

Dennis Stevens: Music in Honour of Thomas Becket . pp 60-6
editor Herbert Waddams (1970). 1170-1970, St Thomas Becket: Canterbury Cathedral Chronicle no. 65. Friends of Canterbury Cathedral.
John E. Stevens (1970). "No 59 p.48: St Thomas honour we". Mediaeval carols. Stainer and Bell.

Thomas Gemma Cantuarie
Medieval Music Thomas gemma Cantuarie - YouTube
The Golden Legend (Saint Thomas of Canterbury) - YouTube
Bodleian Library Western manuscripts to c.1500 MS. Lat. liturg. d. 20

Music in Honor of St. Thomas of Canterbury
Denis Stevens
The Musical Quarterly
Vol. 56, No. 3 (Jul., 1970), pp. 311-348
http://www.jstor.org/stable/741242

In die sancti Thome martyris
Music of the Sarum Office

The Translation of St Thomas Becket

St Thomas Becket, 'Holy Thomas of heoueriche'

St Eysteinn
St Eysteinn (again)

A Song for St Thomas Becket

England and Wales
The influence of Christianity upon national character illustrated by the lives and legends of the English saints
by Hutton, William Holden (1903) p. 240

There are or were sixty-three churches in England known to
be dedicated to S. Thomas Becket, two in Wales, and nine
monasteries, etc. Besides these, there are forty-one churches in
England dedicated to S. Thomas, of which twenty-one are dedi-
cated to S. Thomas the Martyr. Almost certainly these latter are
named after Becket, and very probably several of the former.
These figures are derived from a list drawn up by Miss Quiller
Couch after an investigation under the direction of Mr. Falconer
Madan. Miss Arnold-Forster, Church Dedications, gives 70 to 
S. Thomas of Canterbury, besides which 36 ascribed to S. Thomas 
Apostle are possibly S. Thomas the Martyr. He also appears 
three times in double dedications. Besides this, almost every 
church had a " S. Thomas altar." At S. Lawrence, Reading, this 
altar was made as late as 1502.


Heytesbury Church 1220 - Hungerford
Becket's episcopal sandals (crepita = crepida) Sancti Thomae amongst its relics
The Bishop’s Register of St Osmond indicates the association of Archbishop Thomas a’Becket with Heytesbury – in c1165-70 Becket granted an indulgence to visitors or benefactors of the church, and subsequently the collegiate church there held Becket’s ecclesiastical sandals among their relics in 1220. Both these events would have assisted the church financially.



Nicholas Orme (1996). English Church Dedications: With a Survey of Cornwall and Devon. University of Exeter Press. ISBN 978-0-85989-516-3.



 
Welsh Journals Online Thomas Becket and Wales


There are many churches named after Thomas Becket in Britain, including Church of St Thomas the Martyr, Monmouth, St Thomas à Becket Church, Pensford, St Thomas à Becket Church, Widcombe, Church of St Thomas à Becket, Capel, St Thomas the Martyr, Bristol and St Thomas the Martyr's Church, Oxford.

Stow Minster - Wikipedia

St Thomas Becket Church - Salisbury, England
"Salisbury: St Thomas's parish," in A History of the County of Wiltshire: Volume 6, ed. Elizabeth Crittall (London: Victoria County History, 1962), 81-83. British History Online, http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/wilts/vol6/pp81-83.
St Thomas's Church, Salisbury - Wikipedia


St Thomas à Becket Church, Pensford - Wikipedia


St Thomas à Becket Church, Widcombe - Wikipedia,


St Thomas a Becket at Fairfield

Church Street, Up Holland, Lancashire
 
St Thomas à Becket Chapel, Capel 

St Thomas' Hospital - Wikipedia

John Chamberlayne (1728). Magnæ Britanniæ Notitia, Or the Present State of Great Britain. St. Thomas's Hospital. pp. 254–.




Eastbridge Hospital of St. Thomas the Martyr

The Guild Chapel, Stratford-Upon-Avon
In 1804, a series of wall paintings was discovered during restoration works in the chapel. They were described by the antiquarian Robert Wheler, and drawn by his contemporary Thomas Fisher, although the drawings were only published in 1838. ... On the west wall, flanking the tower arch, were again two tier-images images of the martyrdom of St Thomas Becket above an allegoricalmemento mori painting of the poem ‘erthe out of erthe’, and an image of St George and the Dragon over an image of the Whore of Babylon. Sadly, despite the significance of the paintings, they were subsequently destroyed or whitewashed. It was not until 1928 that the Last Judgement, over the chancel arch, was re-exposed and ‘restored’ by the famous wall paintings expert, EW Tristram.

 Church of St Thomas-a-becket
Warblington, Havant

 Ledston Hall: Chapel of St. Thomas Becket
Hampsthwaite Village- The Parish Church of St Thomas a'Becket
Wymondham.-Beckets-Chapel


 
St. Thomas a Becket Chapel,
St. Johns
Carlton in Lindrick




The Church of St Thomas a Becket, Warblington, Hampshire
South Newington, Oxfordshire, Church & Wall Paintings




Sourton, Devon St Thomas a Becket   14th Century church.
http://www.legendarydartmoor.co.uk/sourton-church.htm

Church of St Thomas a Becket - Bridford - Devon

Church of St Peter and St Paul and St Thomas of Canterbury - Bovey Tracey - Devon

Church of St Thomas of Canterbury - Thorverton - Devon

St Thomas of Canterbury, Lapford - Devon

Church of St Thomas à Becket, Capel

St.Martha on the Hill, Drake Hill, Chilworth
Originally dedicated to  St. Thomas, and called
The Holy Martyr [Sancto Martyro]
A chapel and resting-place for pilgrims on the Pilgrims' Way from Southampton
 
"Secular canons: Cathedral of St. Paul," in A History of the County of London: Volume 1, London Within the Bars, Westminster and Southwark, ed. William Page (London: Victoria County History, 1909), 409-433. British History Online, http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/london/vol1/pp409-433

Samuel Pegge (1801). An historical account of Beauchief abbey J. Nichols

13th century wall painting: St Peters, Preston Park. Brighton
In " Archaeologia,'' Vol. xxiii, the Rev. Charles Townsend describes some mural paintings in this church, which are still visible. The principal subject is the murder of Thomas Becket.




Medieval Painting of the murder of St. Thomas Becket & the execution of Thomas of Lancaster, South Newington, Oxfordshire




Medieval Painting of St. Thomas Becket, Hauxton, Cambridgeshire







Medieval Painting of the Baptism of Christ & saints Peter & Paul, Black Bourton, Oxon


St Lawrence Church, Godmersham
On a wall in the chancel is a stone carved figure of an archbishop, sitting on a cushioned seat, his staff in his left hand, his right raised in benediction and showing him in the full richness of his vestments. This stone is thought to be an image of St. Thomas-a-Becket, which for several centuries was built into the window of a nearby house.


 Archaeologia: Or, Miscellaneous Tracts, Relating to Antiquity... Brereton Church in the County palatine of Chester: Society of Antiquaries of London. 1789. pp. 382–.

 D J Keene and Vanessa Harding, 'St. Mary Colechurch 105/18,' in Historical Gazetteer of London Before the Great Fire Cheapside; Parishes of All Hallows Honey Lane, St Martin Pomary, St Mary Le Bow, St Mary Colechurch and St Pancras Soper Lane (London: Centre for Metropolitan History, 1987), 490-517, http://www.british-history.ac.uk/no-series/london-gazetteer-pre-fire/pp490-517

P. B. Roberts, Thomas Becket: the construction and deconstruction of a saint from the middle ages to the reformation (S. 1-22), widmet sich dem Becketkult bis 1538 und stellt die Gestalt des guten Hirten und nicht des Märtyrers heraus
Thomas Becket The Construction and Deconstruction of a Saint - GetInfo

MacGregor, A., & Spencer, B. (1987). An ampulla mould from Pirton, Worcestershire. Journal of the British Archaeological Association, 140(1), 194-199.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/jba.1987.140.1.194

Rye, W., & Thomas, S. (1924). Some New Facts as to the Life of St. Thomas À Becket: Tending to Show that He was... Connected... with Norfolk... Hunt.
Feast of St.Thomas Becket 29th December
http://www.fisheaters.com/customschristmasx.html
http://dbooks.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/books/PDFs/N10352351.pdf

The Cult of Thomas Becket and the Welsh Marches
R.W.D. Fenn
The Radnorshire Society Transactions, 1984 p. 17-
Welsh Journals Online
Heraldry and the Martyrdom of Archbishop Thomas Becket (1) 
By Cecil R Humphery-Smith, OBE, FSA, FHS 
Coat of Arms No. 85, January 1971.

Martyrs on the Move: The Spread of the Cults of Thomas of ...

St Thomas a Becket’s Well, Northampton
From holy well to bus stop and back again….St Thomas a Becket’s Well, Northampton - holyandhealingwells

St Thomas Well, Otford  Kent
http://people.bath.ac.uk/liskmj/living-spring/sourcearchive/fs9/fs9nd1.htm


Sacred Wells dedicated to St. Thomas Becket
[From The Megalithic Portal and Megalith Map]

Medieval Murals/Frescos of Becket on the Walls of Churches in England



Paulina Kewes (2006). The Uses of History in Early Modern England. University of California Press. pp. 211–. ISBN 978-0-87328-219-2.

Jean Imray; Saint Thomas (à Becket) (1970). Thomas Becket, the Mercers' Company and the City of London. The Company.

St Thomas of Acon


Some account of the Hospital of St. Thomas of Acon

by Anthony Chilvers , Robin Leach, William Muirhead-Allwood
 






 
Ben Weinreb (2008). The London Encyclopaedia. Hospital of St. Thomas of Acon: Macmillan. pp. 417–. ISBN 978-1-4050-4924-5.

Ben Weinreb (2008). The London Encyclopaedia. St. Thomas Hospital: Macmillan. pp. 817–8. ISBN 978-1-4050-4924-5.
Becket Relics
Scotland

Michael Penman (2014). Robert the Bruce: King of the Scots. Yale University Press. pp. 1–. ISBN 978-0-300-14872-5. Text "contain notes about Bruce family pilgrimages to Becket's Shrine"

St. Thomas' Abbey, Dublin

The Abbey of St. Thomas the Martyr, near Dublin
Anthony L. Elliott
The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland
Fifth Series, Vol. 2, No. 1 (Apr., 1892), pp. 25-41
http://www.jstor.org/stable/25507862

Relations between the Abbey of St. Thomas the Martyr and the Municipality of Dublin c. 1176 - 1527
Virginia Davis
Dublin Historical Record
Vol. 40, No. 2 (Mar., 1987), pp. 57-65
Published by: Old Dublin Society
http://www.jstor.org/stable/30100806
John Thomas Gilbert. Register of the Abbey of St Thomas, Dublin. Cambridge University Press. pp. 11–. ISBN 978-1-108-05339-6.
 
Belgium

Chasuble of Thomas Becket, 12th century, Museum voor Oudheidkunde en Sierkunst en Schone Kunsten  Old Rags

Renardy Christine. Notes concernant le culte de saint Thomas Becket dans le diocèse de Liège aux XIIe et XIIIe siècles. In: Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire. Tome 55 fasc. 2, 1977. Histoire (depuis l'Antiquité) — Geschiedenis (sedert de Oudheid). pp. 381-389.
doi : 10.3406/rbph.1977.3142
url : /web/revues/home/prescript/article/rbph_0035-0818_1977_num_55_2_3142

France

 Craig Wright (2008). Music and Ceremony at Notre Dame of Paris, 500-1550. Cambridge University Press. pp. 72–. ISBN 978-0-521-08834-3.
Statue of Thomas Becket in Sens Cathedral
SensCathInt_64.jpg (JPEG Image, 444 × 648 pixels)

Sens Cathédrale St-Étienne Thomas Becket

 Statue of Thomas Becket at St. Foy in Conques

Église Saint-Thomas-de-Cantorbéry de La Neuville-Vault 

Saint-Thomas-des-Champs St. Thomas l'Abattu,
To the abbey church of the Trinity [in Caen, Normandy] were attached several chapels, as well without as within its walls: the most remarkable of these was that of St. Thomas, generally known by the name of St. Thomas l'Abattu in the suburb of St. Giles. It was, in its original state, an hospital, and was called the Hospital of St. Thomas the Martyr in the fields, whence De la Rue infers that it was built in commemoration of Thomas-à-Becket, and was probably erected immediately after his canonization in 1173. Huet, on the contrary, tells us, that it had existed “from time immemorial;” and Ducarel, who has described and figured it,[53] appears to have also regarded it as of very high antiquity. The gradual disappearance of leprosy had caused it to be long since diverted from its original purpose. In 1569, it was pillaged by the Huguenots; and, as no pains were taken to repair the injuries then done, it continued in a state of dilapidation, imperceptibly wasting away, till the period of the revolution, when it was sold, together with the other national property; and even its ruins have now disappeared.

Barfleur, Normandy
William of Canterbury "Miracles" p. 23 Vol 2 #615
...
The last but one describes the Archbishop of Rouen consecrating an altar to St. Thomas at [Saint Sauveur-le-Vicomte] Barfleur for Prince Henry, who found it possible to sail next day, after being weather-bound fifteen days: and it adds that, in a short time, many blind and lame were here healed.
...


Sommaires de divers ouvrages collectifs. In: Cahiers de civilisation médiévale. 22e année (n°88), Octobre-décembre 1979. pp. 437-440.

d'Esneval Amaury. Colloque international « Thomas Becket et la France » (août 1973). In: Annales de Normandie, 24e année n°2, 1974. pp. 205-207.


Saint Thomas' Surplice.
The Tablet Page 9, 11th February 1888
 
There are many churches named after Thomas Becket in France, including Église Saint-Thomas de Cantorbéry at Mont-Saint-Aignan (Upper-Normandy), Église Saint-Thomas-Becket at Gravelines (Nord-Pas-de-Calais), Église Saint-Thomas Becket at Avrieux (Rhône-Alpes), Église saint-Thomas Becket at Bénodet (Brittany),

Église Saint-Thomas de Bénodet — Wikipédia

A Figure of St. Thomas Becket at Chartres
Clark Maines
Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte
36. Bd., H. 2/3 (1973), pp. 163-173
http://www.jstor.org/stable/1481845

La Chapelle St Martin, Limeuil
This 12th century chapel still has some of its original frescoes inside. The church is dedicated to Thomas Becket.
Flanders

Raoul Bauer (2000). Thomas Becket in Vlaanderen: waarheid of legende?. Stedelijke Musea Kortrijk. ISBN 978-90-71579-10-3.

http://balat.kikirpa.be/photo.php?path=di070737&objnr=3062&nr=2  https://goo.gl/kf9Z8c


Germany

Paul Webster; Marie-Pierre Gelin (2016). The Cult of St Thomas Becket in the Plantagenet World, C.1170-c.1220. Chapter 6: Matilda, Duchess of Saxony (1168-1196) and the Cult of Becket: Boydell & Brewer. pp. 113–. ISBN 978-1-78327-161-0.
http://vidimus.org/issues/issue-112/books/



Italy

Shaping a Saint’s Identity: The Imagery of  Thomas Becket in Medieval Italy
COSTANZA CIPOLLARO and VERONIKA DECKER

http://kunstgeschichte.univie.ac.at/fileadmin/user_upload/inst_kunstgeschichte/Texte/BAACant07Cip_Deck.pdf

Murder of Thomas Becket, Spoleto, Italy, late 12th-century 
(in situ Church of SS. Giovanni e Paolo, Spoleto, Italy) 




San Tomaso Becket (Verona) - Wikipedia
S.Tommaso Cantuariense chiesa, Verona Italy

http://www.wikiwand.com/it/Tommaso_Becket

http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommaso_Becket

The Parish of the Cathedral of Forli is dedicated to St. Thomas of Canterbury. In the vicinity of the Cathedral was a church, now lost, which in medieval times was a meeting place for English pilgrims on their way to Rome.

Marsala Cathedral (1628) in Sicily is dedicated to Saint Thomas of Canterbury and built on Norman foundations dated to 1176. Thomas Becket is the patron saint of Marsala.

Church St Thomas of Chanterbury | Monuments and Places in Marsala

In the Cathedral of Anagni is the so-called Oratory of St. Thomas Becket (an ancient mithraeum transformed into a Christian oratory) located next to the famous Crypt. In it there is a precious cycle of paintings dating to the last quarter of the twelfth century, in which the holy archbishop is shown standing next to Christ blessing on the back wall and in four scenes , including one of his martyrdom, near the altar on the left wall.

In the Patriarchal Basilica of Aquileia Friuli is the altarpiece of Saint Thomas Becket of Canterbury, dated to about 1180, Thomas is shown to the left of Christ, while on the opposite side is St. Peter.. The role of Thomas is emphasised that he, like Christ, displays a roll explaining the church's rights.

In the church of San Giorgio di Rualis near Cividale del Friuli is a fresco of the fourteenth century in which is represented the scene of the martyrdom of St. Thomas Becket .

The Bolognese church of San Salvatore has a splendid wooden altarpiece by Vitale da Bologna, in which is depicted St. Thomas Becket .

In the church of San Giorgio di Rualis near Cividale del Friuli is a fresco of the fourteenth century in which is represented the martyrdom of St Thomas Becket .

porta san tomaso treviso st. thomas gate



Marca Trevigiana
http://www.marcatrevigiana.it/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/San-Tommaso-Becket-Museo-diocesano.jpg

The Fermo Chasuble of St. Thomas Becket and Hispano-Mauresque Cosmological Silks: Some Speculations on the Adaptive Reuse of Textiles
Annabelle Simon-Cahn
Muqarnas
Vol. 10, Essays in Honor of Oleg Grabar (1993), pp. 1-5
http://www.jstor.org/stable/1523166

Mrta Jr (February 2017). The Chasuble of Thomas Becket: A Biography. Bruschettini Foundation for Islamic and Asian Art. ISBN 978-3-7774-2519-1.

Olivia Remie Constable (1996). Trade and Traders in Muslim Spain: The Commercial Realignment of the Iberian Peninsula, 900-1500. Becket's Chasuble in Fermo Cathedral: Cambridge University Press. pp. 179–. ISBN 978-0-521-56503-5.

Chiesa di San Thomas Becket
Fidenza

Croatia [Former Yugoslavia]

Stuart Rossiter (1969). Yugoslavia: the Adriatic Coast. Benn. p. 95.

Cathedral of Sveti Stošija [St. Anastasia], Zadar Crypt  13th century fresco of St. Thomas Becket, [fresco almost entirely destroyed].

Stuart Rossiter (1969). Yugoslavia: the Adriatic Coast. Benn. p. 180

Korčula, Opatijska Riznica [Cathedral/abbey Treasury] Room 2
Item B3 Nottingham alabaster 2nd half 15th century Head of St. John the Baptist, St. Peter and St. Thomas Becket.
[There are two other Nottingham alabasters in same museum.]


Portugal

Cult of Becket in Tomar
Rotunda of the Convento de Cristo
http://templanima.blogspot.co.uk/2011/12/dia-29-todos-charolaevocar-stomas-o.html

Aspects of Anglo-Portuguese Relations in the Twelfth Century. Manuscripts, Relics, Decretals and the Cult of St Thomas Becket at Lorvão, Alcobaça and Tomar
Anne J. Duggan
Portuguese Studies
Vol. 14, (1998), pp. 1-19
http://www.jstor.org/stable/41105078



Sicily

http://www.bestofsicily.com/mag/art288.htm



Spain

 Siguenza Cathedral
What is now the Chapel of St. Catherine was dedicated to St. Thomas of Canterbury by the English Bishop Jocelin.

 Etelvina Fernández González; Fernando Galván Freile; Ana I.. Suárez González (2013). Tomás Becket y la Península Ibérica (1170-1230). Universidad de León, Área de Publicaciones. ISBN 978-84-9773-653-4.

St Thomas Becket consagrations, death and burial, at wall paintings in Santa Maria de Terrassa, Catalonia, Spain, romanesque frescoes, ca. 1200
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/TomasBecket-Terrassa.jpg/200px-TomasBecket-Terrassa.jpg

An Anglo-Norman at Terrassa? Augustinian Canons and Thomas Becket
at the End of 12th century
Carles Sánchez Márquez


Francesca Español, Francesc Fité (eds.). "GALVÁN FREILE, Fernando (2008): “Culto e iconografía de Tomás de Canterbury en la Península Ibérica (1173-1300)". Hagiografia peninsular en els segles medievals. Universitat de Lleida. pp. 197–. ISBN 978-84-8409-357-2.


Iglesia de San Miguel de Almazán
AGORABEN
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRa2B0p4YOGcbnlCJqWcZSAqYIRFV8DnOqGsgFv4nsL7hg-DMZ6zvXBPHKOPvxu1OzQ7uGdWUiGg_iUbU-q8JJeO7Lwbyl5e04WC25SzhXx39zPDDYUmVQqVHxSicRR9USLHDXAf7af9Uz/s1600/AlmazanSMiguel+G42.jpg

Sant Tomàs Becket i el programa iconogràfic de les pintures murals de Santa Maria de Terrassa
by Milagros Guàrdia
ddd.uab.cat-pub-locus-11359722n4p37.pdf

Alcabón
Iglesia de Santo Tomás Cantuariense (Alcabón)

Salamanca
Iglesia de Santo Tomás Cantuariense (Salamanca) - Wikipedia,
SANTO TOMAS CANTUARIENSE - SALAMANCA - Carmen Baena Yerón

Dosbarrios
Iglesia -Santo Tomas Cantuariense-

Toro
Photos of Santo Tomás Cantuariense Church - Images
Iglesia de Santo Tomás Cantuariense (Toro) - Wikipedia

Sweden

Constitutions of Clarendon Wooden Carving of Becket in Canterbury Cathedral

Martyrdom of Thomas Becket on reliquary in Trönö new church, Hälsingland
http://www.flickr.com/photos/7909590@N08/6229578083/

Constitutions of Clarendon The Baptismal Font at Lyngsjö Church in Skåne

Härad Altarpiece 
6268730290_c0826f7dc4_b.jpg (JPEG Image, 760 × 1024 pixels)

Björsäter
Andreas Lindblom, Björsätersmålningarna: The Legends of St. Thomas Becket and of the Holy Cross painted in a Swedish Church, Stockholm 1953
The Guardian, Jun 5th, 1950. St. Thomas Becket in Sweden, Medieval Paintings on Wood.



Norway
St. Tomaskirken - Norges Kirker

St Thomas's Church. The altar in the medieval church in Gildeskål may conceal relics of St Thomas. 


Tromsø museums aarshefter 1908
Altarpiece from the old church in Lurøy from Catholic times,
and is now kept in the Bergen Museum.
St. Thomas episcopus is the leftmost figure.


Within the church there is also a reliquary, made of wood in the shape of a miniature church (called a chasse) with gilt-brass mountings and with scenes from the Bible and the martyrdom of Thomas Becket, possibly a clue as to whose relics the reliquary was originally made to contain.

 

Denmark

Vor Frue Kirke - Skive
http://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vor_Frue_Kirke_(Skive_Kommune)

http://www.kalkmalerier.dk/index.php
 

Hungary

Thomas a Becket and Hungary
György Györffy
Angol Filológiai Tanulmányok / Hungarian Studies in English
Vol. 4, (1969), pp. 45-52
http://www.jstor.org/stable/41261583

Reliquaries

Caudron, Simone. "Les Châsses de Thomas Becket en émail de Limoges."
Actes Du Colloque International de Sedieres. Editions Beauchesne. pp. 233–.

CMAThos.jpg (1056×648)
Reliquary châsse plaque: Crucifixon and St. Thomas Becket, copper gilt and enamel, Master G. Alpais and workshop (French), c.1220-1225, CMA 1951.449

http://www.pinterest.com/pin/228698487298445257/



Reliquary Casket with Scenes from the Martyrdom of Saint Thomas Becket, ca. 1173–80 English or German Silver with niello, gemstone
Metropolitan Museum New York
Salisbury, John Of. "A Reliquary Of Saint Thomas Becket Made For."
http://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3253544.pdf.bannered.pdf

Saint Thomas Becket - Saints and Martyrs - Treasures of Heaven

French_Martyrdom of Thomas Becket

Châsses de saint Thomas Becket — Wikipédia

John Philip O'Neill; Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.) (1996). "Chasse of Saint Thomas Becket". Enamels of Limoges: 1100-1350. Metropolitan Museum of Art. pp. 162–. ISBN 978-0-87099-758-7.

Museo della Cattedrale di Lucca
http://www.luccaterre.it/immagini/big/MUS/MUS_F0133/MUS_F0133_B.jpg


Plaque showing murder of St Thomas Becket - unknown - V&A

Reliquary of St. Thomas Becket. Champlevé copper, engraved, chased, enameled and gilt. Limoges, ca. 1190–1200. From Palencia, region of León, Spain. Musée national du Moyen Âge, Paris, France.
Link
Courtauld institute London


Iceland


Thómas saga erkibyskups : a life of Archbishop Thomas Becket, in Icelandic
Preface pp v - clxxv 

The Icelandic Thomas saga stands in a relation of
unique interest to English history and literature. It 
was in existence at a remarkably short period after
the Archbishop's death. It soon exercised an influence 
nothing short of momentous on the relations between 
Church and State in Iceland. It secured for the name of 
St. Thomas a popularity which eclipsed that of every 
other saint, save the Virgin Mary.

In the Middle- Organ Swapping in Medieval Iceland- quot lectores, tot sententiae, I hope

Kay Brainerd Slocum (2004). Liturgies in Honour of Thomas Becket. Iceland: University of Toronto Press. pp. 125–. ISBN 978-0-8020-3650-6.
Aitchison, B. (2009). Holy cow!: the miraculous cures of animals in late medieval England 1. European Review of History—Revue européenne d'histoire,16(6), 875-892
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13507480903368145#preview


The Holy Land

Forey, Alan J. "The military order of St Thomas of Acre." The English Historical Review 92.CCCLXIV (1977): 481-503.
http://ehr.oxfordjournals.org/content/XCII/CCCLXIV/481.extract


Switzerland

Thomas Tower Basel

Stained Glass Windows in French Cathedrals

heroes-and-traitors-the-life-of-st-thomas-becket-in-french-stained-glass-windows

Sens
Sens Cathedral Stained Glass - Bay 23 Key (St Thomas Becket)

Claire Pernuit, « Entre texte et image, enquête sur les vitraux historiés du xiiie siècle de la cathédrale Saint-Étienne de Sens », Bulletin du centre d’études médiévales d’Auxerre | BUCEMA [En ligne], 14 | 2010, mis en ligne le 18 mai 2010. URL : http://cem.revues.org/11639 ; DOI : 10.4000/cem.11639


Angers
Angers Cathedral Stained Glass - Bay 108a Key (The Life of St Thomas Becket)
http://www.medievalart.org.uk/Angers/Bay_108a/Angers_Bay108a_Panel08.htm
http://www.paradoxplace.com/Photo%20Pages/France/North_&_Centre/Angers/Angers.htm
http://www.paradoxplace.com/Photo%20Pages/France/North_&_Centre/Angers/Images/800/Becket-Dies-Sept07-D6623sAR.jpg
http://www.paradoxplace.com/Photo%20Pages/France/North_&_Centre/Angers/Images/800/Henry-vBecket-Sept07-D6609s.jpg

Coutances
Coutances cathedral stained glass

Chartres
Chartres Cathedral Stained Glass - Bay 18 Key (Life of St Thomas Becket)
Becket Window - Chartres Cathedral
http://www.medievalart.org.uk/Chartres/18_pages/Chartres_Bay18_key.htm


Les vitraux de la cathédrale de Chartres. Reliques et images
Persée - Portail de revues en sciences humaines et sociales


Bayeux Cathedral, France

The south transept external portal of Bayeux cathedral, the dean's portal, which dates from c. 1255-1280,  faces a public thoroughfare, and is sculpted with scenes from the life of St. Thomas Becket. The lowest lintel shows a large assembly of persons witnessing Becket before the King [his trial at Northampton perhaps?]. The next lintel shows scenes, from left to right, Becket crossing over the sea from France to England, his return to Canterbury, and his murder before an altar. The topmost tympanum shows King Henry II visiting the tomb of Becket after his canonization. Becket had visited Bayeux during his exile from England, and one of the attempted reconciliations between him and Henry II had taken place at the Cathedral.

 

Manuscripts

The Martyrdom of Saint Thomas Becket (Getty Museum)

Internet History Sourcebooks
The Golden Legend: St. Thomas Becket

The Becket Leaves
http://www.angelfire.com/pa4/becketleaves/index.html
Janet Backhouse; Christopher De Hamel; British Library (1988). The Becket leaves. British Library. ISBN 978-0-7123-0141-1.

Suzanne Lewis (1987). The Art of Matthew Paris in the Chronica Majora. University of California Press. pp. 87–9. ISBN 978-0-520-04981-9.

Helene E. Roberts (2013). Encyclopedia of Comparative Iconography: Themes Depicted in Works of Art. "Sanctuary": Routledge. pp. 783–90. ISBN 978-1-136-78793-5.

The Murder of Thomas Becket -hgv Hong Kong

Food
Catholic Cuisine The Martyr's Crown A Cake for the Feast of St. Thomas Becket

Thomas Becket- his miracles and relics

Thomas Becket- his miracles and relics

The Miracles at Canterbury - The Getty Iris




Michael Staunton (2001). The Lives of Thomas Becket. Doubts about Thomas' Sanctity: Manchester University Press. pp. 237–. ISBN 978-0-7190-5455-6.

The Golden Legend: St. Thomas Becket
Internet History Sourcebooks
The GOLDEN LEGEND or LIVES of the SAINTS
Life of S. Thomas, martyr, of Canterbury


Caxton's Legenda Aurea

Iacopo da Varazze Legenda Aurea




Sweetinburgh, S.. (2013). PILGRIMAGE IN ‘AN AGE OF PLAGUE’: SEEKING CANTERBURY’S ‘HOOLY BLISFUL MARTIR’ IN 1420 AND 1470. In L. CLARK & C. RAWCLIFFE (Eds.), The Fifteenth Century XII: Society in an Age of Plague (Vol. 22, pp. 57–78). Boydell & Brewer. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7722/j.ctt31nhf6.10
 

Mark D. Meyerson; Daniel Thiery; Oren Falk (2004). A Great Effusion of Blood?: Interpreting Medieval Violence. Dawn Marie Hayes: "9 - Body as Champion of Church Authority and Sacred Place: The Murder of Thomas Becket". University of Toronto Press. pp. 190–. ISBN 978-0-8020-8774-4.

Paul Binski (2004). Becket's Crown: Art and Imagination in Gothic England, 1170-1300. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-10509-4.

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Martyrdom_of_Thomas_Becket
 

Actes Du Colloque International de Sedieres. Peter A. Newton: Some New Material for the Study of the iconography of Saint Thomas Becket: Editions Beauchesne. pp. 255–.

 Actes Du Colloque International de Sedieres. Jean-Marie Grassin: Le mythe littéraire de Thomas Becket à l'époque moderne: Editions Beauchesne. pp. 285–.

Actes Du Colloque International de Sedieres. Raymonde Foreville: Le Culte to Saint Thomas Becket en Normandie: Editions Beauchesne. pp. 135–.

Actes Du Colloque International de Sedieres. Raymonde Foreville: Le Culte de Saint Thomas Becket en France: Editions Beauchesne. pp. 163–.

Foreville Raymonde. La diffusion du culte de Thomas Becket dans la France de l'Ouest avant la fin du XIIe siècle. In: Cahiers de civilisation médiévale. 19e année (n°76), Octobre-décembre 1976. pp. 347-369.
doi : 10.3406/ccmed.1976.2050 
/web/revues/home/prescript/article/ccmed_0007-9731_1976_num_19_76_2050
 

Actes Du Colloque International de Sedieres. Henri Thomas: Le Culte de Saint Thomas Becket dans les Dioceses de la Province de Tours: Editions Beauchesne. pp. 153–.

 Actes Du Colloque International de Sedieres. Jean Becquet: Les Sanctuaires Dedies a Saint Thomas de Cantorbery en Limousin: Editions Beauchesne. pp. 159–.  
JISCMail - MEDIEVAL-RELIGION Archives - http://goo.gl/ooIswB

Donald Roy Howard (1978). The Idea of the Canterbury Tales. University of California Press. pp. 159–. ISBN 978-0-520-03492-1.
John Anthony Burrow; Ian P. Wei (1 January 2000). Medieval Futures: Attitudes to the Future in the Middle Ages. Boydell & Brewer. pp. 70–. ISBN 978-0-85115-779-5.

Rachel Koopmans (29 November 2011). Wonderful to Relate: Miracle Stories and Miracle Collecting in High Medieval England. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 307–. ISBN 0-8122-0699-1.

 Rachel Koopmans (2011). Wonderful to Relate: Miracle Stories and Miracle Collecting in High Medieval England. Chapter 8: Most Blessed Martyr Thomas Becket's Murder and the Christchurch Collection: University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 139–. ISBN 0-8122-0699-1


John Steane (20 May 2003). The Archaeology of the Medieval English Monarchy. Routledge. pp. 188–. ISBN 978-1-134-64159-8.

Catherine Keene; Palgrave Connect (Online service) (19 November 2013). Saint Margaret, Queen of the Scots: A Life in Perspective. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 268–. ISBN 978-1-137-03564-6.

Lister M. Matheson (December 2011). Icons of the Middle Ages: Rulers, Writers, Rebels, and Saints. ABC-CLIO. pp. 97–. ISBN 978-0-313-34080-2.

David Williams; David Eliot Williams (30 September 2010). Saints Alive: Word, Image, and Enactment in the Lives of the Saints. Chapter 3: Saint Thomas Becket: McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. pp. 112–. ISBN 978-0-7735-3708-8.


Other Thomas Becket images:
The Martyrdom of Thomas Becket, Fresco in the Museo Diocesano from Palazzo dei Trecento, Treviso, Veneto, Italy, c.1260

Gerald of Wales

In 1189 Gerald of of Wales [Giraldus Cambrensis] wrote that the success, importance and fortune of the Becket cult had been long foretold of by an ancient Welsh prophet and magician, Merlin Celidonius or Silvestris (Merlin of Scotland or Merlin of the Woods), whom he claimed was the real life Merlin of the King Arthur stories.

"Venient oratores ab oriente, et terrarum tam principes quam primates in occiduis oceani finibus novi vestigia martyris adorabunt."
Pilgrims from the East shall come, and on the western margins of the great sea, the princes and primates of the earth shall reverence the relics of a new martyr.

Article: Thomas Becket, Cult of  by Anne Duggan
[British Library Open Access Shelves - Humanities 1 Reading Room HLR 291.446]

Giraldus (Cambrensis); John Sherren Brewer (1867). Giraldi Cambrensis Opera. Longman & Company. pp. 377–.

Gerald claimed that he had translated and hope to publish Merlin's Book of Prophecies (Vaticinalis historia  3 vols) containing a description of the king of England, Henry II, and his conquest of Ireland, a manuscript preserved in the Library of the University of Cambridge.

Anglo-Norman Studies 31
Gerald of Wales and the Prophet Merlin  pp. 90-103
By Ad Putter
C. P. Lewis (2009). Proceedings of the Battle Conference 2008. Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1-84383-473-1.


Giraldus (Cambrensis) (2005). The Autobiography of Gerald of Wales. Boydell Press. pp. 28–. ISBN 978-1-84383-148-8

Gerald of Wales - Wikipedia

Translation of Thomas Becket 7 July 1220


Liturgies in Honour of Thomas Becket
KAY BRAINERD SLOCUM
Chapter Eight: Office for the Translation of St Thomas Becket, 7 July

Reconstructing and Interpreting a Thirteenth-Century Office for the Translation of Thomas Becket
Sherry L. Reames
Speculum
Vol. 80, No. 1 (Jan., 2005), pp. 118-170

"PASTOR BONUS": MATTHEW PARIS'S LIFE OF STEPHEN LANGTON, ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY (1207-28)
Brenda Bolton
Nederlands archief voor kerkgeschiedenis / Dutch Review of Church History
Vol. 84, (2004), pp. 57-70
Published by: BRILL


Le Jubilé de Saint Thomas Becket du xiii e au xv e siècle (1220— 1470):  by Raymonde Foreville
The Journal of Theological Studies
New Series, Vol. 11, No. 2 (October 1960), pp. 422-423
Published by: Oxford University Press
Article Stable URL:http://www.jstor.org/stable/23954278

Vier Jacques. Raymonde Foreville. — Le Jubilé de saint Thomas Becket du XIIIe au XVe siècle (1220-1470). Préface de S. Exe. Mgr Joseph- Marie Martin, archevêque de Rouen, Annales de Bretagne, 1960, vol. 67, n° 3, pp. 309-312.

Chaplais Peter. Foreville (Raymonde). Le jubilé de saint Thomas Becket du XIIIe au XVe siècle (1220-1470)., Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, 1960, vol. 38, n° 3, pp. 889-890.

Foreville Raymonde. Le jubilé de Saint Thomas Becket du XIIIe au XVe siècle (1220-1470). Étude et documents . In: École pratique des hautes études, Section des sciences religieuses. Annuaire 1956-1957. 1955. pp. 78-80.
doi : 10.3406/ephe.1955.20288
url : /web/ouvrages/home/prescript/article/ephe_0000-0002_1955_num_68_64_20288

Robert Odell Bork; William W. Clark; Abby McGehee (2011). New Approaches to Medieval Architecture. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. pp. 101–. ISBN 978-1-4094-2228-0.


Brian Spencer (1990). Salisbury Museum Medieval Catalogue Part 2: Pilgrim Souvenirs and Secular Badges. Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum. ISBN 978-0-947535-12-4.


Thomas Becket and France by Robert Franklin (1991) ISBN 978-0-9513476-1-4 

Miscellaneous

 The Carthusian house at Witham was built with funds given by Henry II as part of his penance for Thomas Becket's murder. 
Houses of Carthusian monks: The priory of Witham', A History of the County of Somerset: Volume 2 (1911), pp. 123-128.
http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=40929

Witham, Somerset: From Carthusian Monastery to Country House to Gothic Folly
Robert Wilson-North and Stephen Porter
Architectural History
Vol. 40, (1997), pp. 81-98
Published by: SAHGB Publications Limited
Article Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1568667

The monastic patronage of King Henry II in England, 1154-1189

Martinson, Amanda M.

Thomas Becket Visuals compiled by John Dillon

Thomas of Canterbury (Thomas Becket; d. 1170). A Londoner, Thomas was successively archdeacon of Canterbury, chancellor of England under Henry II, and (from 1162) archbishop of Canterbury. In the latter post, his defence of ecclesiastical rights soon led to a falling out with Henry and to Thomas' withdrawal to France, where he remained until 1170. His return to Canterbury in that year had papal backing but only grudging acceptance from the king. The two were still quite unreconciled when Thomas was assassinated in his cathedral on 29. December 1170 by knights who thought that they were doing Henry a favor. Thomas' life of penitence and self-mortification while archbishop contributed to his image as a saintly martyr. He was canonized in 1173 and Vitae (with miracle accounts) soon followed. Kay Brainerd Slocum's _Liturgies in Honour of Thomas Becket_ (University of Toronto Press, 2004) has a useful chapter (pp. 98-126) on the spread of Thomas' cult. The chiesa di San Giorgio in Como has a reliquary case housing what is said to be part of Thomas' chin and some bones said to be those of St. Eutichius of Como. Three views follow: http://tinyurl.com/623ecv http://tinyurl.com/64acjh http://tinyurl.com/5vf2gv The certificate from 1777 of a recognition of these relics: http://www.iubilantes.it/archivio/index.php?sel=7&idfoto=256


 Te Sente Thomas van Cantelberghe, in Inghelant ... Pelgrimsinsignes en pelgrimstochten naar Thomas Becket
Author(s):Koldeweij,
A.M.Publication year:2000
In:Thomas Becket in Vlaanderen. Waarheid of legende?  pp. 49 -72
Publisher:Kortrijk : Stedelijke Musea Kortrijk 



Further visuals for Thomas of Canterbury:

a) Christ Church cathedral, Canterbury (Kent): Site of T.'s martyrdom: http://www.rozspringer.com/images/CanterburyCathedral.jpg Becket window 4 (ca. 1215-1220): http://tinyurl.com/y99wacy A pilgrim's badge in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York showing the saint's shrine prior to its destruction in the sixteenth century: http://tinyurl.com/cag8u2l http://worldvisitguide.com/oeuvre/photo_ME0000022433.html Pilgrim's badges for visits to this shrine have survived in some number. See the examples on this page: http://tinyurl.com/cyjz9fp 
b) The originally late twelfth-century église Saint-Thomas de Cantorbéry at Mont-Saint-Aignan (Seine-Maritime) in Normandy, commissioned by Henry II in 1173. English-language and French-language accounts are here: http://tinyurl.com/ycw8c3 http://tinyurl.com/ydsevd Some expandable views: http://tinyurl.com/ylcfe5 
c) Two scenes of Thomas of Canterbury (T. with three monks; T. martyred by three knights) in a later twelfth-century psalter and hymnal for the Use of the abbey of Saint-Fuscien in Amiens (Amiens, Bibliothèque municipale, ms. 19, fol. 8): http://tinyurl.com/ctp2hb3 Detail views: http://tinyurl.com/d3whgvj http://tinyurl.com/c3pbsrp 
d) Thomas of Canterbury (center) in the late twelfth-century apse mosaics of the basilica cattedrale di Santa Maria Nuova, Monreale: http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3164/2575093180_0101779142_b.jpg e) Thomas of Canterbury's martyrdom as depicted in a late twelfth-century wall painting in the iglesia de San Nicolás in Soria (Castilla y León). The painting is exceptional in that it shows Thomas being stabbed in the back rather than struck in the head or the neck (for another instance, see below at item e
e). Linked to here are two news reports from a few of years ago with different views of it: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8029320.stm http://iconosmedievales.blogspot.com/2009/11/csi-soria.html and a brief BBC film clip showing more of the painting: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8192655.stm Just as Thomas' early depiction in the apse mosaics at Monreale has been ascribed to the influence of one of Henry II's daughters (Joanna / Giovanna, queen of Sicily), so this painting has been ascribed to the influence of another daughter (Eleanor / Leonor, queen of Castille). 
f) Reliefs on the late twelfth-century baptismal font (ca. 1190-1200) in the church at Lyngsjö (Skåne län) showing Henry II, the murderers, and Thomas of Canterbury' martyrdom: http://tinyurl.com/9scjdf http://tinyurl.com/73a7qb More views of this font are here (scroll down to Døbefont): http://tinyurl.com/93aqa6 
g) A late twelfth-century reliquary casket (châsse) with scenes of Thomas of Canterbury's martyrdom, now in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York: http://tinyurl.com/27s42cx 
h) Some of the numerous Becket reliquary châsses made at Limoges in the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries: 1) Ornamental reliquary châsse (ca. 1180) with scenes of the martyrdom, now in the British Museum, London: http://tinyurl.com/3ykvus6 2) Another (ca. 1180-1190) now in the Victoria and Albert Museum, London: http://tinyurl.com/d2f92tt http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Becket_casket.jpg http://tinyurl.com/c6lz8gz 3) Two more (ca. 1190-1200 or a little later), now in the Musée national du Moyen Âge (Musée de Cluny), Paris: http://www.musee-moyenage.fr/ang/pages/page_id18020_u1l2.htm http://tinyurl.com/3xmjq6b and http://tinyurl.com/2uvzkvj Other views of these are on the page linked to at 9) below. 4) Another (ca. 1200), now at Limoges, Musée municipal de l'Évêché: http://www.culture.gouv.fr/emolimo/thomas1.htm 5) Another (ca. 1200), now in the Museum Schnütgen (St. Cäcilien), Köln: http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2354/2127843870_2dcb1823bb_o.jpg 6) Another (ca. 1205-1215), now in the Musée d'Art et d'Archéologie (musée des Beaux-Arts), Guéret (Creuse): http://www.culture.gouv.fr/emolimo/thomas2.htm 7) Another (ca. 1210), now in the Musée des beaux-arts in Lyon: http://tinyurl.com/35c4jgs 8) Another (earlier thirteenth-century), now at Lucca, in the Museo della Cattedrale di Lucca (Museo diocesano), in the second view seen through tinted glass: http://www.scuola.com/arte_storia/arte_becket/imgs/scheda_lucca.jpg http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3522/3837386490_88c39bba7c_o.jpg Rear and side views of this object are shown toward the bottom of the page linked to at 9) below. 9) Other Becket reliquary châsses are shown here (images begin about a fifth of the way down the page): http://tinyurl.com/9jz8ll 10) A plaque from such a reliquary châsse (late twelfth-century), now in the Musée du Louvre in Paris: http://tinyurl.com/3a362o7 11) Yet another such plaque (ca. 1220-1222), now in the Cleveland Museum of Art (the second photograph is by Genevra Kornbluth): http://www.oberlin.edu/images/Art336/cant-0017.JPG http://www.kornbluthphoto.com/images/CMAThos.jpg 
i) Thomas of Canterbury's martyrdom as portrayed in a copper gilt relief of ca. 1200 in the Kunstgewerbemuseum in Berlin: http://tinyurl.com/3o5ugnz 
j) Thomas of Caterbury's late originally twelfth-/early thirteenth-century church (an Augustinian foundation; portal dated 1202) at Caramanico Terme (PE) in Abruzzo: Italian-language accounts with multiple views: http://www.abruzzovacanze.net/vr.php/it/24 http://www.abruzzoverdeblu.it/?id=36 Single views: http://tinyurl.com/928sxh http://tecweb.unich.it/prog2004-11/particolare_san_tommaso.jpg http://tinyurl.com/2ondr4 
 k) The originally late twelfth-century chiesa di San Tomaso (consecrated, 1194) in Riva del Garda (TN) in Trentino-Alto Adige: http://www.flickr.com/photos/caschmitz/186364993/ http://www.comprensorioc9.tn.it/Info/vwRivaChiesaSTomaso.asp?ID=print http://tinyurl.com/28wov5z 
l) Thomas of Canterbury's originally late twelfth- / thirteenth-century church at Cabriolo di Fidenza (PR) in Emilia, once a Templar chapel and now in private ownership: http://www.templarioggi.it/Templari_oggi_le_commanderie_21.htm http://tinyurl.com/yd3j9n 
m) The originally late twelfth- and early thirteenth-century église Saint-Thomas-de-Canterbury, Mur-de-Barrez (Aveyron), east end up to the transept largely destroyed by Calvinists in ca. 1539: http://tinyurl.com/y9mb9gy http://tinyurl.com/cdjg6xy http://tinyurl.com/cfqczd3 http://tinyurl.com/c5pu73h http://tinyurl.com/cfqczd3 A surviving radiating chapel: http://tinyurl.com/cx32mbh 
n) An early thirteenth-century liturgical comb from England with Becket scenes, now in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York: http://tinyurl.com/2c83czx 
o) The early thirteenth-century Becket window in the cathédrale Notre-Dame, Chartres: http://tinyurl.com/ye4j2u4 
p) The heavily restored, seemingly early thirteenth-century Becket window in the north choir of the cathédrale Saint-Étienne, Sens: http://www.medievalart.org.uk/Sens/23_Pages/Sens_Bay23_key.htm q) This article in _Vidimus_ offers an English-language discussion of, and some expandable views of, earlier thirteenth-century Beckett windows at Sens and elsewhere: http://vidimus.org/issues/issue-14/feature/ 
r) Genevra Kornbluth has a page of views of twelfth- and thirteenth-century liturgical vestments said to have been worn by Becket while at Sens and now in display in the cathedral treasury there (do we know when these were first associated with him?): http://www.kornbluthphoto.com/VestmentsBecket.html 
s) The Becket Leaves (a thirteenth-century illustrated rhymed Passio of Thomas of Canterbury in French): www.angelfire.com/pa4/becketleaves/ 
t) Thomas of Canterbury's martyrdom as depicted in a thirteenth-century fresco in Pavia's chiesa di San Lanfranco: http://tinyurl.com/2fpwrmp 
u) Thomas of Canterbury's martyrdom as depicted in a fresco of ca. 1260 formerly in the episcopal place at Treviso (TV) in the Veneto and now in that see's diocesan museum: http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3505/3972213586_3e47cd62f1_b.jpg http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2479/3972215200_10e0d6799a_b.jpg In that first view, note the domes in the representation of Canterbury cathedral. It's thought that the artist was familiar with San Marco in Venice. 
v) Thomas of Canterbury's martyrdom as depicted in the late thirteenth-century (ca. 1285-1290) Livre d'images de Madame Marie (Paris, BnF, ms. Nouvelle acquisition française 16251, fol. 81r): http://tinyurl.com/ybuwf3e 
w) An expandable view of Thomas of Canterbury's martyrdom as depicted in a late thirteenth-century copy of French origin of the _Legenda aurea_ (San Marino, CA, Huntington Library, ms. HM 3027, fol. 12v): http://tinyurl.com/387oxxd 
x) Thomas of Canterbury's martyrdom as depicted an early fourteenth-century panel in a window in the Lucy chapel, Christ Church cathedral, Oxford (photographs by Gordon Plumb): http://tinyurl.com/ydg6fxn Context: http://tinyurl.com/yba2k4q 
y) Thomas of Canterbury's martyrdom as depicted in an earlier fourteenth-century wall painting (ca. 1330-1340) in the Church of St Peter ad Vincula, South Newington (Oxon): http://www.paintedchurch.org/snewtbec.htm http://tinyurl.com/yesjzpy 
z) Thomas of Canterbury's martyrdom as depicted in an earlier fourteenth-century (1st or 2d quarter; attrib. to the Maître de Fauvel) copy of a French-language collection of saint's lives (Paris, BnF, ms. Français 183, fol. 195v): http://tinyurl.com/yjwgs9y 
aa) Thomas of Canterbury's martyrdom as depicted in an earlier fourteenth-century (2d quarter) copy of a French-language collection of saint's lives (Paris, BnF, ms. Français 185, fol. 87r): http://tinyurl.com/ye8n7nu 
bb) Thomas of Canterbury's martyrdom as depicted in an earlier fourteenth-century (1348) copy of the _Legenda aurea_ in its French-language version by Jean de Vignay (Paris, BnF, ms. Français 241, fol 26v): http://tinyurl.com/ybd8l4g 
cc) Thomas of Canterbury's martyrdom as portrayed in a fourteenth-century roof boss in the Cathedral Church of St Peter, Exeter: http://tinyurl.com/ybwmumk 
dd) Thomas of Canterbury (third row from the top, second from left) as depicted in one of twenty-six window panels (ca. 1400) from the Marienkirche in Wismar (Land Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) re-mounted in the same city's Kirche Heiligen Geist: http://tinyurl.com/c8ey5rw 
ee) Thomas of Canterbury's martyrdom as depicted in an earlier fifteenth-century (ca. 1414) breviary for the Use of Paris (Châteauroux, Bibliothèque municipale, ms. 2, fol. 226v): http://tinyurl.com/cfa89cy 
ff) Two scenes from Meister Francke's earlier fifteenth-century Altarpiece of St. Thomas Becket (mid-1430s), now in the Kunsthalle in Hamburg: T.'s entry into Canterbury: http://tinyurl.com/yb3q3o T.'s martyrdom: http://tinyurl.com/yarm7y 
gg) Thomas of Canterbury as depicted in a mid-fifteenth-century glass window panel (early 1450s) in the Beauchamp Chapel, St Mary, Warwick (photographs by Gordon Plumb): http://www.flickr.com/photos/22274117@N08/4898144814/ Detail view: http://www.flickr.com/photos/22274117@N08/4898181727/ 
hh) Thomas of Canterbury (at upper left) as depicted in a later fifteenth-century glass window in Holy Trinity Church, Long Melford (Suffolk; photograph by Gordon Plumb): http://www.flickr.com/photos/22274117@N08/2230905801/ 
 Nottingham Alabasters
ii) Thomas of Canterbury's martyrdom as depicted in a later fifteenth-century (ca. 1450-1500) alabaster panel now in the British Museum, London: http://tinyurl.com/ykujtkj 
jj) Two later fifteenth-century alabaster panels from a dismantled altarpiece with Becket scenes, now in the Victoria and Albert Museum, London: http://tinyurl.com/ydr3uze http://tinyurl.com/333fg4b and http://tinyurl.com/33w34bv http://tinyurl.com/ybpu7yv 
kk) Thomas of Canterbury's consecration as depicted on another later fifteenth-century alabaster panel in the Victoria and Albert Museum, London: http://tinyurl.com/33cc33j http://tinyurl.com/yaq6kgr 
ll) Thomas of Canterbury's martyrdom as depicted in a later fifteenth-century (ca. 1480-1490) copy of the _Legenda aurea_ in its French-language version by Jean de Vignay (Paris, BnF, ms. Français 244, fol. 29bisv): http://tinyurl.com/ycv83qp

Other Items
Site Name: St Thomas's Well (Canterbury) 
Latitude: 51.278718N  Longitude: 1.082791E



The Translation of Thomas Becket - In Thirteenth Century England.


Clive Burgess; Martin Heale (2008). The Late Medieval English College and Its Context. The Hospital of St. Thomas of Acre: Boydell & Brewer Ltd. pp. 199–. ISBN 978-1-903153-22-2.

Sutton, A. F.. (2008). The Hospital of St Thomas of Acre of London: The Search for Patronage, Liturgical improvement, and a school, under Master John Neel, 1420–63. In C. Burgess & M. Heale (Eds.), The Late Medieval English College and its Context (NED - New edition, pp. 199–229). Boydell & Brewer. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7722/j.ctt9qdjps.16





The Military Order of St Thomas of Acre
A. J. Forey
The English Historical Review
Vol. 92, No. 364 (Jul., 1977), pp. 481-503
Published by: Oxford University Press

Sir John Watney (1892). Some Account of the Hospital of St. Thomas of Acon, in the Cheap, London, and of the Plate of the Mercers' Company. Priv. printed by Blades, East & Blades.


Rye, W., & Thomas, S. (1924). Some New Facts as to the Life of St. Thomas À Becket: Tending to Show that He was... Connected... with Norfolk... Hunt.

 

Graboïs Aryeh. Louis VII pèlerin. In: Revue d'histoire de l'Église de France. Tome 74. N°192, 1988. pp. 5-22.


Richard W. Pfaff (2009). The Liturgy in Medieval England: A History. Cambridge University Press.  ISBN 978-1-139-48292-9.


Charles Greenstreet Addison; David Hatcher Childress (1997). The History of the Knights Templars, the Temple Church, and the Temple. Adventures Unlimited Press. pp. 353–. ISBN 978-0-932813-40-4.

Catherine Royer-Hemet (2010). Canterbury: A Medieval City. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 67–. ISBN 978-1-4438-2608-2.
Anne J. Duggan: Canterbury - The Becket Effect

Catherine Royer-Hemet (2010). Canterbury: A Medieval City. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 93–. ISBN 978-1-4438-2608-2.
Marie-Pierre Gelin: The Citizens of Canterbury and the Cult of St Thomas Becket

Catherine Royer-Hemet (2010). Canterbury: A Medieval City. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 137–. ISBN 978-1-4438-2608-2.
Martine Yvernault: Reading History in Enamel - The Journey of Thomas Becket's Experience from Canterbury to Limoges

Musset Lucien. Thomas Becket et la Normandie. In: Annales de Normandie, 24e année n°2, 1974. p. 208.

Fournée Jean. Les lieux de culte de Saint Thomas Becket en Normandie. In: Annales de Normandie, 45e année n°4, 1995. pp. 377-392.

Marc'Hadour Germain. La confrontation Becket-Henri II comme paradigme historique. In: Cahiers de civilisation médiévale. 37e année (n°145-146), Janvier-juin 1994. Henri II Plantagenêt et son temps. Actes du Colloque de Fontevraud. 29 septembre – 1er octobre 1990. pp. 101-110.


Colloque international de Sédières, 19-24 août 1973
Raymonde Foreville (ed.) (1975). Thomas Becket: Actes Du Colloque International de Sedieres, 19-25 Aout 1973. Editions Beauchesne.

Chapter List

The French manuscripts of the Becket correspondence.
Duggan, Anne J.. • p. 1-7

La "Thomaïde", poème latin inédit consacré à Thomas Becket (Troyes, Bibl. mun. 990).
Vernet, André. • p. 9-25

Les Vies latines de saint Thomas Becket et son exil en France.
Straeten, Joseph van der. • p. 28-40

Les premières relations entre le monastère de Pontigny et la royauté anglaise.
Bautier, Robert-Henri. • p. 41-48

Henri II, Thomas Becket et les Cisterciens.
Dimier, Anselme. • p. 49-53

Thomas Becket et la canonisation de saint Bernard.
Bodart, Didier • Bodart, Rosa • Bredero, Adriaan Hendrik. • p. 55-62

I rapporti tra Tommaso Becket ed i legati pontifici Bernardo di Porto, Giovanni di Sutri e Guillermo di Pavia in terra di Francia.
Lunghi, Gemma. • p. 63-69

Bishop John and archdeacon Richard of Poitiers. Their roles in the Becket dispute and its aftermath.
Duggan, Charles. • p. 71-83

Thomas Becket et les Victorians.
Châtillon, Jean. • p. 89-101

L'idéal de la royauté biblique dans la pensée de Thomas Becket.
Graboïs, Aryeh. • p. 103-110

La survivance de saint Thomas becket à travers son quatrième successeur, Etienne Langton.
Esneval, Amaury d'. • p. 111-114

Les répercussions de la mort de Thomas Becket en Pologne (XIIe-XIIIe siècles).
Uruszczak, Waclaw. • p. 115-125, 133

Le culte de saint Thomas Becket en Normandie. Enquête sur les sanctuaires anciennement placés sous le vocable du martyr de Canterbury.
Foreville, Raymonde. • p. 135-152

Le culte de saint Thomas Becket dans les diocèse de la province de Tours.
Martin, Henri. • p. 153-158

Les sanctuaires dédiés à saint Thomas de Cantorbéry en Limousin.
Becquet, Jean. • p. 159-161

Le culte de saint Thomas Becket en France. Bilan provisoire des recherches.
Foreville, Raymonde. • p. 163-187

Some notes on the two resting places of St. Thomas Becket at Canterbury.
Urry, William. • p. 195-209

Enquête sur l'iconographie et le mobilier de Thomas Becket en Normandie.
Larue, Arlette. • p. 211-219

Thomas Becket dans le vitrail français au début du XIIIe siècle.
Brisac, Catherine. • p. 221-231

Les châsses de Thomas Becket en émail de Limoges.
Caudron, Simone. • p. 233-245

Le meurtre dans la cathédrale, thème iconographique médiéval.
Gauthier, Marie-Madeleine. • p. 247-254

Some new material for the study of the iconography of St. Thomas Becket.
Newton, Peter A.. • p. 255-263

Some medieval English representations of St. Thomas Becket in France.
Dickinson, John Compton. • p. 265-274

Thomas Becket et la musique médiévale.
Stevens, Denis. • p. 277-284

Le mythe littéraire de Thomas Becket à l'époque moderne.

Grassin, Jean-Marie. • p. 285-297



ICELANDIC PILGRIMS TO THE TOMB OF BECKET.



RELICS OF DECORATIVE PAINTING NOW OR FORMERLY IN CANTERBURY CATHEDRAL




NOTE ON "RELICS OP PAINTING IN CANTERBURY CATHEDRAL.
 




Memorable Tuesdays

James Craigie Robertson (1859). Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury. Memorable Tuesdays in Becket's Life. pp. 339–.

Raymonde Foreville (1967). Tradition et comput dans la chronologie de Thomas Becket. Impr. nationale.

Thomas F. Head (2001). Medieval Hagiography: An Anthology. Psychology Press. pp. 592–. ISBN 978-0-415-93753-5.

Reames, S. L. (2005). Reconstructing and interpreting a thirteenth-century office for the translation of Thomas Becket. Speculum, 80(01), 118-170.
St Thomas Becket - Gloucester Cathedral
Lawrence Cunningham (1980). The Meaning of Saints. Harper & Row. ISBN 978-0-06-061649-6.

Catherine Royer-Hemet (2010). Canterbury: A Medieval City. The Becket Effect: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 67–. ISBN 978-1-4438-2608-2.


Freiburger Diözesan-Archiv  Band 80 (1960) pp. 97-166
Barth, Medard: Zum Kult des hl. Thomas Becket im deutschen Sprachgebiet, in Skandinavien und Italien,

Martyrdom of Becket South Porch Chartres Cathedral
https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/236x/1a/63/cc/1a63ccb01823e3beb568d14faba9dfcf.jpg



Elgin Cathedral (Ruin)
The chapel in Elgin cathedral's northern transept [Dunbar Aisle] was dedicated to St Thomas Becket.


Crusader Church in Tyre:
Bikai, Patricia M. "A New Crusader Church in Tyre." Bulletin du Musée de Beyrouth 24 (1971): 83-90.





Sarah Blick; Rita Tekippe (2005). Art and Architecture of Late Medieval Pilgrimage in Northern Europe and the British Isles: Texts. BRILL. pp. 25–. ISBN 90-04-12332-6.

Archaeologia Cantiana. On a Fragment of Glass in Nettlestead Church: Kent Archaeological Society. 1866. pp. 129–.
http://bit.ly/2cZOqCE 
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/5078420

 Making the martyr: the liturgical persona of Saint Thomas Becket in visual imagery - CORE


Aberdeen Art Gallery
St. John the Baptist with  Angels [and St. Thomas Becket]

The Hair-shirt Of St. Thomas Of Canterbury At Erdington Abbey

Dictionnaire raisonné du mobilier français de l'époque carlovingienne à la renaissance: Vêtements, bijoux de corps, objets de toilette. L'amict de Thomas Becket a Sens: A. Morel. 1874. pp. 17–.

The life and martyrdom of Saint Thomas Becket by John Morris,  Published 1885
Note O: Memorials and Relics of Saint Thomas pp. 606-
Chapter XXXVII: Kindred and Memorials pp. 505-

Henry Shaw (1843). Dresses and Decorations of the Middle Ages. Will. Pickering
Contains Pictures of Becket's Mitre and Amice
Thomas Becket's embroidered apparel of the amice (detail), produced in the 12th century 

John Britton (1836). Picturesque antiquities of the English cities. M. A. Nattali. p. 24

Herbert Norris (2002). Church Vestments: Their Origin and Development. Courier Corporation. ISBN 978-0-486-42256-5.


Mitre from the Abbey of Seligenthal, Bavaria, 12th century Byzantine silk with 13th century English embroidery (opus Anglicanum), showing the martyrdom of St. Thomas a Becket

Cope's depicting Becket


 
Angelo Broggi; Judith Champ; Eamon Duffy; Andrew Headon, Nicholas Hudson, Sara Marascialli, Murphy O'Connor, Carol M. Richardson, Claudio Riotta, Paolo Violini (2016-03-20T00:00:00+01:00). The Church of the English College in Rome. Gangemi Editore spa.. ISBN 978-88-492-8006-7.
 
Processional Cross of Catherine of Braganza
Processional cross of Catarina de Bragança containing relics of St.Thomas Becket 1664
Vila Viçosa Inv PDVV 1165. Portugal

The Processional Cross of the Chapel of Catherine of Braganza
Augusto Cardoso Pinto
The Burlington Magazine
Vol. 99, No. 648 (Mar., 1957), pp. 76-78
Published by: Burlington Magazine Publications Ltd.


Webster, P., & Gelin, M. (Eds.). (2016). The Cult of St Thomas Becket in the Plantagenet World, c.1170-c.1220. Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK; Rochester, NY, USA: Boydell and Brewer. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7722/j.ctt1gr7cmf

Kuzmová, S. (2010). Preaching Saint Stanislaus (Doctoral dissertation, Central European University).
Discusses in part that the Cult of Saint Stanislaus of Poland depended in part on the Cult of St. Thomas Becket.
https://goo.gl/TrBF2J

Kuzmová, S. (2008). Preaching On Martyr-Bishops In The Later Middle Ages: Saint Stanislaus Of Kraków And Saint Thomas Becket. In Britain and Poland-Lithuania (pp. 65-86). Brill.

 Paul Webster; Marie-Pierre Gelin (2016). The Cult of St Thomas Becket in the Plantagenet World, C.1170-c.1220. Boydell & Brewer. ISBN 978-1-78327-161-0.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7722/j.ctt1gr7cmf

D&Avray, D. (1993). Thomas Becket in the Medieval Latin Preaching Tradition. An inventory of sermons about St Thomas Becket c. 1170–1400.. By RobertsPhillis B.. (Instrumenta Patristica, xxv.) Pp. 270. The Hague: Nijhoff International, 1992. The Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 44(1), 118-119. doi:10.1017/S0022046900010320

 Donald T. Williams “The Shrine of St. Thomas A’ Becket, Canterbury Cathedral, Sonnet 85" (poem), in Christianity and Literature 48:1 (Autumn, 1998): 131.

British Library EThOS: Music, politics, and sanctity : the cult of Thomas Becket, 1170-1580

Brian Spencer (1998). Pilgrim Souvenirs and Secular Badges. Stationery Office. ISBN 978-0-11-290574-5.
Brian Spencer (2010). Pilgrim Souvenirs and Secular Badges. Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1-84383-544-8.

Sarah Blick (2007). Beyond Pilgrim Souvenirs and Secular Badges: Essays in Honour of Brian Spencer. Oxbow Books. ISBN 978-1-84217-235-3.

Michael Mitchiner (1988). Jetons, Medalets & Tokens: The medieval period and Nuremberg. Seaby. ISBN 978-1-85264-036-1. 

John Steane (20 May 2003). The Archaeology of the Medieval English Monarchy. Routledge. pp. 188–. ISBN 978-1-134-64159-8.

Elizabeth Fowler (2003). Literary Character: The Human Figure in Early English Writing. Cornell University Press. pp. 1–. ISBN 0-8014-4116-1.

Michael Mitchiner (1986). Medieval Pilgrim and Secular Badges. Hawkins Publications. ISBN 978-0-904173-19-2.

Construire un recueil de miracles : les Miracula sancti Thomae Cantuariensis de Benoît de Peterborough

Raymonde Foreville, "Les Miracula S, Thomae Cantuariensis", Actes du 97e Congrès national des Sociétés savantes, Nantes 1972, Paris : Bibliothèque Nationale, 1979, p. 443-468 - Persée


Title: The marketing of the holy dead in the High Middle Ages : with special reference to England and the cult of St Thomas Becket
Author: Rogers, Emma.
Awarding Body: University of Reading
Date of Award:    2004
http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408332 

Sacro Speco
St Stephen, St Thomas and St Nicholas, detail from a 13th century fresco of a lunette of the Lower Church of Sacro Speco Monastery, Subiaco. Italy, 13th century.
http://www.gettyimages.com/license/154711983
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

Pilgrim's badge

Ivory

Textiles
Opus Anglicanum - The Evelyn Thomas Database of Medieval English Embroidery

Riggisberg: Museum, Abegg-Stiftung, Switzerland

http://ica.princeton.edu/opus-anglicanum/view.php?record_no=794
Thomas à Becket: Scene, Departure from Northampton

http://ica.princeton.edu/opus-anglicanum/gallery.php?subject=375
Thomas à Becket: Scene, reconciled with King

http://ica.princeton.edu/opus-anglicanum/gallery.php?subject=376
Thomas à Becket: Scene, returning to England

http://ica.princeton.edu/opus-anglicanum/gallery.php?subject=378
Thomas à Becket: Scene, as Chancellor to Henry II

http://ica.princeton.edu/opus-anglicanum/gallery.php?subject=379
Thomas à Becket: Scene, Consecration

Victoria and Albert Museum London
http://ica.princeton.edu/opus-anglicanum/gallery.php?subject=417
Thomas à Becket: Scene, before Pope Alexander III


Others
http://ica.princeton.edu/opus-anglicanum/gallery.php?subject=126
Thomas à Becket: murdered before High Altar (Martyrdom)

Tancred Borenius (1970). St. Thomas Becket in art. Kennikat Press.

Burlington Magazine Volume XXIII 1913 Aug-Sep p. 263-
The Mitre and Tiara inHeraldry and Ornament


Anagni, Cathedral of S. Maria, Mitre of St Thomas Becket

St. Nicholas Church, Barfreston, Kent
St. Thomas Becket

 













Thomas Becket and Wales
Welsh History Review
https://journals.library.wales/view/1073091/1074978/377#?xywh=-1013%2C63%2C4312%2C3209


The Cult of St Thomas Becket in the Plantagenet World, c.1170-c.1220
Paul Webster
Marie-Pierre Gelin
Copyright Date: 2016
Edition: NED - New edition
Published by: Boydell Press, Boydell and Brewer
Pages: 270
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7722/j.ctt1gr7cmf

Leonor Plantagenet and the Cult of Thomas Becket in Castile
 (pp. 133-146)
A Special Collection: John of Salisbury's Relics of Saint Thomas Becket and Other HolyMartyrs
Author(s): Karen Bollermann and Cary J. Nederman
Source: Mediaevistik, Vol. 26 (2013), pp. 163-181
Published by: Peter Lang AG

Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/24615853

https://www.academia.edu/120481992/The_Cult_of_Thomas_Becket
Thomas Becket: troublesome or over-promoted?

=======


Becket's Shrine in Canterbury Cathedral

Becket's shrine, built in the Trinity Chapel of Canterbury Cathedral and dedicated in 1220, was one of the most opulent structures in medieval Europe. Its design:


The Base

A rectangular pink marble base, about 7 feet high, 7 feet long, and 3 feet wide, with arched niches in the sides where pilgrims could kneel and pray [British Museum](https://www.britishmuseum.org/blog/why-did-they-move-thomas-beckets-bones) — pressing close to the tomb itself.


The golden casket ("feretory")

On top sat a golden casket made under master craftsmen Walter of Colchester and Elias of Dereham — gold plate covered in a mesh of gold wire, onto which gemstones and jewelry donated from across Europe were attached.
[British Museum](https://www.britishmuseum.org/blog/why-did-they-move-thomas-beckets-bones)
It took a gabled form, encrusted with jewels on a trellis-like background, and was topped with two model ships. 

[The Metropolitan Museum of Art] (https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/473470)

The prize piece was the Regale of France, a huge red gem on the south face, given by the French king Philip Augustus.
[British Museum](https://www.britishmuseum.org/blog/why-did-they-move-thomas-beckets-bones)


How it was seen

It wasn't left on permanent display. A wooden canopy covered the shrine, and the presiding canon would pull a rope over a pulley to lift the canopy and reveal the riches beneath
[Canterbury-archaeology](https://www.canterbury-archaeology.org.uk/becket-shrine-trinity-chapel) — a dramatic reveal for pilgrims. Recent research adds another layer: iron grilles enclosed the shrine, hung with offerings pilgrims left in thanks for miraculous cures, so it was viewed "through a curtain of proof" of Becket's power, enhancing the mystery in the candlelit chapel.
[Kent Online](https://www.kentonline.co.uk/canterbury/news/800-year-old-tomb-brought-back-to-life-229898/)


Scale and Fate

The shrine drew as many as 100,000 visitors a year, and within a decade of Becket's death over 700 healing miracles had already been recorded there. 

[Smithsonian Magazine](https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/researchers-digitally-reconstruct-thomas-beckets-lost-canterbury-cathedral-shrine-180975280/) It stood until 1538, when Henry VIII's commissioners plundered it, carting away over twenty-five cartloads of gold and silver. [The
Metropolitan Museum of Art](https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/473470) Today the site is marked only by a single burning candle and stone paving worn smooth by kneeling pilgrims. 

[Canterbury-archaeology](https://www.canterbury-archaeology.org.uk/becket-shrine-trinity-chapel) ========


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