Wednesday, 23 October 2013

Case of Battle Abbey. AD 1157

Battle Abbey had been erected by order of William the Conqueror on the site of the 1066 Battle of Hastings. William died before the monastery was finished. However, being a royal foundation it was a peculiar. Its Foundation Charter [Carta Prima]  supposedly issued by William grants the abbey and its monks many liberties and special privileges, among them immunity from episcopal jurisdiction, that is the Abbey was to be completely independent from the oversight of the local diocesan bishop.  The Carta Prima not only exempted the monastery from the authority of the local bishop, but it conferred the exemption to the same extent as that enjoyed by the metropolitan church of Canterbury.  It granted freedom from all tax and service whatsoever; the right of free warren in all its manors; treasure-trove; the right of inquest; sanctuary in cases of murder and homicide; and it even gave the abbot the royal power of pardoning any condemned thief whom he should pass or meet going to execution.

In 1157 Hilary, the bishop of Chichester, challenged the right of the abbot of Battle Abbey to have exemption from his authority. This was the famous Case of Battle Abbey.  Hilary's case was based on Canon Law, in which he was a considerable expert, and a communication from Pope Adrian who demanded that the abbot should attend a special hearing at Chichester to hear the pope's orders, one commanding the abbot to obey the bishop. Hilary argued that only a papal privilege could exempt a monastery from episcopal oversight, and that Battle Abbey had been granted no such privilege by any pope. The abbot appealed through the agency of his brother, Richard de Luci, to the king.

The Canon that directs abbots to obey bishops is the following:-
The eighth decree of the 4th Ecumenical Council held at Chalcedon AD 451 stated that the clerics of charitable homes, monasteries, or oratories of martyrs should be subject to the bishop of the territory. 

May 1157 the trial dealing with the case was held in the presence of king Henry II at Colchester Abbey. The principal question was concerned with whether or not the pope had the right to overrule the king on matters of religion in England. In the end King Henry II decided the case between Hilary, bishop of Chichester and Walter de Luci, abbot of Battle Abbey, in favour of the abbot and his monastery's independence.

Becket, who was at the time the King Henry's Chancellor, acted as lawyer during this case, in defence of the abbot and the liberty of Battle Abbey against the bishop. Because of the skill he displayed in this role in handling a potentially troublesome priesthood, it was said that Becket won over the king, leaving a huge impression on him, so much so that the latter became very desirous of promoting him to archbishop of Canterbury when the opportunity arose. Here was a person the king could seemingly trust in protecting his interests during the testing times of church versus state relations

It has been suggested in modern times with very good cause that the charters upon which the abbot based his case were forgeries. That really does not matter as king Henry, during the case, personally validated  their veracity. They were not in fact denounced till 1234. It would be highly anachronistic for the outcome of the case and its judgement to be reversed now because of this. At the time everyone believed they were genuine.

The Abbot of Battle was a mitred abbot, as were those of Abingdon, St Alban's, Bardney, Bury St Edmunds, St Augustine's Canterbury, Colchester. Croyland, Evesham, Glastonbury, Gloucester, St Benet's Hulme, Hyde, Malmesbury, Peterborough, Ramsey, Reading, Selby, Shrewsbury, Tavistock, Thorney, Westminster, Winchcombe, and St Mary's York. 

References
England; England. Sovereign (1066-1087 : William I) (1998). Edited D. Bates. "Liberties granted by William I to Battle, Abbey of St. Martin: Acta of William I Nos. 13-25". Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum. Oxford University Press. pp. 130–73. ISBN 978-0-19-820674-3.

England; Henry William Carless Davis; R. J Whitwell (1913). Regesta regum Anglo-Normannorum 1066-1154: Regesta Willelmi Conquestoris et Willelmi Rufi 1066-1100. At the Clarendon Press. pp. 16–.

Mark Antony Lower (1851). The chronicle of Battle Abbey, from 1066 to 1176. J.R. Smith. pp. 3–.

The story of the case is related here
Mark Antony Lower (1851). The chronicle of Battle Abbey, from 1066 to 1176. J.R. Smith. pp. 74–116

The Dublin Review November 1860. St Thomas and Battle Abbey: W. Spooner. 1861. pp. 1–.

James J. Spigelman (2004). Becket & Henry: The Becket Lectures. James Spigelman. pp. 49–53. ISBN 978-0-646-43477-3.

The Foundation of Battle Abbey
A Charter of William II to Battle Abbey, A.D. 1094
A. J. Collins
The British Museum Quarterly
Vol. 12, No. 4 (Sep., 1938), pp. 122-128

Battle Abbey and Exemption: The Forged Charters
Eleanor Searle
The English Historical Review
Vol. 83, No. 328 (Jul., 1968), pp. 449-480
http://www.jstor.org/stable/564160

Christopher Harper-Bill (1999). "Emma Mason: William Rufus and The Benedictine Order". Anglo-Norman Studies XXI: Proceedings of the Battle Conference 1998. Boydell & Brewer. pp. 113–. ISBN 978-0-85115-745-0.

Michael Gervers (2002). Dating Undated Medieval Charters. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. pp. 107–. ISBN 978-0-85115-924-9.



James Craigie Robertson (1859). Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury. pp. 61–.





James Craigie Robertson (1859). Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury. pp. 326–.

Saint Thomas (à Becket) (2000). The Correspondence of Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, 1162-1170: Letters 176-329. Oxford University Press. pp. 1394–. ISBN 978-0-19-820893-8

John Allen Giles (1846). The Life and Letters of Thomas À Becket: Now First Gathered from the Contemporary Historians. Whittaker and Company. pp. 90–.


Hugh James Rose; Samuel Roffey Maitland (1832). The British Magazine. John Turrill. pp. 454–.

Thomas Becket martyr patriot
Thompson, Robert Anchor
CHAPTER V. p.77-
The King Upon The Judgment-Seat — The Battle Abbey Case.
http://archive.org/stream/thomasbecketmar00thomgoog#page/n90/mode/1up

Eleanor Searle (1974). Lordship and community: Battle Abbey and its banlieu, 1066-1538. Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies.

John Guy (2012). Thomas Becket: Warrior, Priest, Rebel. Random House Publishing Group. pp. 103–7. ISBN 978-0-679-60341-2.
 
Saint Thomas (à Becket) (2000). The Correspondence of Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, 1162-1170: Letters 176-329. Oxford University Press. pp. 1394–. ISBN 978-0-19-820893-8.
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Tuesday, 22 October 2013

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Domesday Book 1086


William the Conqueror following the Battle of Hastings and the suppression of many rebellions divided the lands of England into "Honours" for his magnates, which were further subdivided into manors, and further into fiefs [knight's fees] each supporting a knight.
In the winter of 1085 King William ordered the collection of data on all the land holdings in his kingdom. Geld records already in the treasury was the basis of the survey. Its main purpose was to assess the wealth of England to provide information for the royal system of taxation.

 Circuits of visitation by surveyors were arranged on a shire by shire basis. Every vill in the land was visited. The name of every major landholder [tenant-in-chief] was collected, and  named; how many knights fees were on his lands; all the vills, towns and fortifications on his lands; all the farms and their size and value; the number of freemen, sokemen, villans, cottars and slaves [unfree serfs] on their holdings listed; quantity of livestock and type; and the "common burdens" of military service, fortress work, and bridge repair that each landholder owed listed.

 Much of the survey was compiled and completed by August 1st 1186 [Lammas day] in time for the Oath of Salisbury. The documents were stored in the treasury at Winchester.

Essentially the Domesday Book provided the kings of England with the written, documented and sworn evidence unequivocally to exploit their rights and the principal sources of revenue from across the whole of the land in the country. In addition it gave the magnates and prelates almost a written title to the land assigned to them. An incredibly important document it decided the distribution of land and wealth in England shire by shire to whom and how much, and the taxes leviable on those lands.

The Domesday Book allowed the king to know all his personal estates in the country, and the extent of all the estates of his tenants-in-chief. After the Conquest the barons had helped themselves to much of the land in England. The Domesday Book was a formal written record. The king knew precisely what he could take from his barons after a forfeiture for treason or following the death of any of his tenants, and exploit ecclesiastical and secular vacancies.

Writ on every page was the fundamental principle or axiom of feudalism

Nulle terre sans seigneur.

No land without a lord.
or
No property [land] without a liege.

The only allodial owner of land in the country was the monarch. All other land was held of the king by "knights' service", either directly to the king as suzerain or overlord or by infeudation or subinfeudation to a mesne lord.

Henry I re-inforced this principle in his coronation charter

"Milites qui per loricam terras sues deserviunt."

This was the fief du haubert found in Normandy.


 References


Land recorded as belonging to Archbishop of Canterbury in Domesday Book 1086


The Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England (PASE)

Palmer, J., Electronic Edition of Domesday Book: Translation, Databases and Scholarly Commentary, 1086; second edition  SN: 5694,



'How Land Was Held Before and After the Norman Conquest', in Domesday Book Studies, ed. Ann Williams and R. W. H. Erskine, London 1986, 37-8.


 Conquered England. Kingship, succession, and tenure, 1066–1166. By George Garnett. Oxford University Press, 2007. 
Patrick Edward Dove (1888). Domesday Studies: On the study of Domesday book.  Longmans, Green.

Sir Frederick Pollock, Frederic William Maitland, The History of English Law before the Time of Edward I, 2 vols. [1898]
The History of English Law before the Time of Edward I, vol. 2
Frederick Pollock (January 2009). The Land Laws. BiblioBazaar. ISBN 978-1-103-09459-2.

John Horace Round. Feudal England: Historical Studies on the XIth and XIIth Centuries. Cambridge University Press. pp. 225–. ISBN 978-1-108-01449-6.
http://archive.org/stream/feudalenglandhi00roungoog#page/n245/mode/1up

A. H. Inman . Domesday and Feudal Statistics, with a Chapter on Agricultural Statistics. BiblioBazaar. ISBN 978-1-355-84119-7.  http://bit.ly/2HQZliN
https://archive.org/details/domesdayfeudalst00inmaiala/page/n6

The history of landholding in England
by Fisher, Joseph, F.R.H.S  (1876)
Book of Fees

Book of Fees - Wikipedia


Cartae Baronum 1166
Lists of knight's fees in Kent : 1166 : Certificates submitted by the king's tenants in chief 
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Saturday, 19 October 2013

Barons, Earls and other secular persons present at Clarendon, January 1164

The following were the named secular witnesses on the Constitutions of Clarendon compiled in January 1164:

Robert earl of Leicester, Reginald earl of Cornwall, Conan earl of Bretagne, John earl of Eu, Roger earl of Clare, earl Geoffrey of Mandeville, Hugh earl of Chester, William earl of Arundel, earl Patrick of Salisbury, William earl of Ferrars, Richard de Lucy, Reginald of S. Valery, Roger Bigot, Reginald of Warenne, Richer of Laigle, William of Braos, Richard of Camville, Nigel of Mowbray, Simon of Beauchamp, Humfrey of Bohun, Matthew of Hereford, Walter of Medwin [Methuen], Manasses Biset butler, William Malet, William of Curcy, Robert of Dunstanville, Jocelin of Balliol, William of Lanval, William of Cheyney, Geoffrey of Vere, William of Hastings, Hugh of Morville, Alan of Neville, Simon Fitz-Peter, William Malduit chamberlain, John Malduit, John Marshal, Peter de Mare

In Latin see

William Stubbs (1870). Select Charters and Other Illustrations of English Constitutional History from the Earliest Times to the Reign of Edward the First. Clarendon Press. pp. 131–.

Thomas Littleton (1779). Anciennes loix des François: conservées dans les coutumes angloises ; suivies des Additions aux remarques sur les coutumes angloises. Le Boucher. pp. 273–.

Melch Goldast von Haiminsfeld (1713). Collectio constitutionum imperialium: hoc est, DD. NN. Imperatorum, Caesarum, ac regum Augustorum, sacri imperii Germano-Romani, recessus, ordinationes, decreta, rescripta, mandata, et edicta, in publicis comitiis promulgata, aut alias edita .... Ex officina Zunneriana, sumptibus Johannis Adami Jungii, typis Antonii Heinscheidtii. pp. 347–.
 

Præsentibus istis: Roberto Comite Rochestriæ [Leghestriæ], Reginaldo Comite Cornubiæ, Conano Comite Britanniæ, Johanne Comite de Haugo, Rogerio Comite de Clare, Comite Gauffrido de Mandeville, Hugone Comite Cestriæ, Willermo Comite de Arundell, Comite Patricio, Willermo Comite de Ferrariis, Richardo de Luci, Reginald de sancto Walerico, Rogerio Bigot, Reginaldo de Warenner, Richerio de Aquila, Willermo de Bransa, Richardo de Canivilla, Nigello de Monbray, Simone de Bello Campo, Humphrido de Boun, Matheo de Herefordia, Waltero de Meduana, Maneter de Biseht Dapifero, Willermo Maleth, Willermo de Curti, Roberto de Dunestavilla, Jocelino de Baillolio, Willermo Lanualis, Willermo de Laisneto, Gauffrido de Veu, Willermo de Hastinga, Hugone de Moravilla, Alano de Neuvil, Simone filio Petri, Willermo Mallevit Camerario, Johanne Malevit, Johanne Marescallo, Petro de Mara, & multis aliis Proceribus & Nobilibus regni tam Clericis quam Laicis.

References to Biographies

Robert, earl of Leicester
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_de_Beaumont,_2nd_Earl_of_Leicester
David Crouch (1986). The Beaumont Twins: The Roots and Branches of Power in the Twelfth Century. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-30215-9.

Reginald, earl of Cornwall
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reginald_de_Dunstanville,_1st_Earl_of_Cornwall
http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Reginald_(d.1175)_(DNB00)

Conan, count of Brittany
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conan_IV,_Duke_of_Brittany

John, earl of Eu
Sir John d'Eu, Count d'Eu, Lord of Hastings, born about 1130, died 26 Jun 1170. He married Alice d'Aubigny about 1155, daughter of William d'Aubigny, Earl of Arundel, and Adelize of Louvain.
Son and heir by his father's third wife, he was given custody of the castle of Tickhill by King Stephen. He fought at the battle of Lincoln, where he was captured, whereupon the victors siezed his castle. He attended the Council at Clarendon in Jan 1163/64, and in 1166 he returned that he had 56 knights' fees in the rape of Hastings. He also held 11 knights' fees in Kent of the Earl of Arundel as the maritagium of his wife Adelise, daughter of the said Earl of Arundel. Like his father, he also became a monk at Foucarment Abbey. His widow married Alvred de St. Martin, the King's dapifer, and predeceased him
http://www.willisolandergenealogy.com/6946.htm
http://www.geni.com/people/John-de-Hastings-comte-d-Eu/6000000002642414114

Roger, earl of Clare
http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Clare,_Roger_de_(DNB00)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_de_Clare,_2nd_Earl_of_Hertford
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Clare

Earl Geoffrey of Mandeville
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_de_Mandeville,_2nd_Earl_of_Essex
Father: http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Mandeville,_Geoffrey_de_(DNB00)

Hugh, earl of Chester
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_de_Kevelioc,_5th_Earl_of_Chester
http://www.geni.com/people/Hugh-de-Kevelioc-5th-Earl-of-Chester/6000000003726476051

William, earl of Arundel
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_d%27Aubigny,_1st_Earl_of_Arundel
http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Albini,_William_de_%28d.1176%29_%28DNB00%29

Patrick, earl of Salisbury
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_of_Salisbury,_1st_Earl_of_Salisbury

William de Ferrers, earl of Derby
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_de_Ferrers,_3rd_Earl_of_Derby

Richard de Luci
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_de_Luci
http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Lucy,_Richard_de_%28DNB00%29

Reginald de St. Valéry
[son of Guy de Sancto Walerico]
Arthur Collins (1779). The peerage of England. 3 vols. pp. 139–.
http://www.geni.com/people/Renaud-I-seigneur-de-Saint-Val%C3%A9ry/4129523906020033754
http://fabpedigree.com/s002/f801285.htm

Roger Bigot, earl of Norfolk
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Bigod,_2nd_Earl_of_Norfolk

Reginald de Warenne
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reginald_de_Warenne

Richer de L'Aigle
http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/NORMAN%20NOBILITY.htm#RicherLaigledied1176A
Son of GILBERT de Laigle & his wife Juliana de Mortagne ([1095]-[24 Aug] 1176, bur Saint-Sulpice-sur-Risle). He is named and his parentage given by Orderic Vitalis 2095. "Rotrocus comes Perticensium" donated property to the abbey of Sainte-Trinité de Tiron by charter dated [1119] subscribed by "Juliane soror mea, Richerii filius eius"[2671]. He claimed his father's lands in England from King Henry but was refused on the excuse that his brothers were serving in the royal household troops and expecting the honor. It was eventually granted to him after the intervention of his uncle Comte Rotrou, but Louis VI King of France attacked Laigle and forced Richer to hand it to him 3 Sep 1118 [2672]. "Richerus…dominus de Aquila" confirmed the donation of property to Notre-Dame de la Trappe by "Gerburgis mater Guillelmi Goidi de Asperis" by charter dated 1136 [2673]. "…Richerius de Aquila…" witnessed the charter dated to [end 1150/early Sep 1151] under which "H. dux Normannorum" granted privileges to the citizens of Rouen [2674]. The Red Book of the Exchequer records enfeoffments in the duchy of Normandy in [1172], "Richerius de Aquila" with 5 knights and one half "de feodo de Crepo[n] in Cadamo" [2675]. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1176 of "Richerius de Aquila " and the succession of "Richerius filius eius" [2676].

William of Braos
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_de_Braose,_3rd_Lord_of_Bramber

Richard of Camville
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_de_Camville

Nigel of Mowbray
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigel_D%27Aubigny
http://www.geni.com/people/Nele-de-Mowbray/6000000006727908136
http://www.celtic-casimir.com/webtree/5/35175.htm

Simon of Beauchamp
http://fabpedigree.com/s024/f012345.htm
Mother: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohese_de_Vere,_Countess_of_Essex

Humfrey of Bohun
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humphrey_III_de_Bohun

Matthew of Hereford
[Ecclesisastic Schenfrith?]

 Walter of Medwin [Methuen/Medway?] [Walter de Mayenne] [Maine?]
aka Guatier de Mayenne - d. 1190/91, m. Cicely fitzJohn
http://ww-person.com/cgi-bin/l1/LANG=engl/INDEX=I223596

Manasses Biset, butler
http://archive.org/details/cu31924083944029
Dapifer= One who brings meat to the table; hence, in some countries, the official title of the grand master or steward of the king's or a nobleman's household.
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/151384/dapifer

William Malet
http://www.geni.com/projects/Anglo-Norman-families-Malet/3041
WILLIAM Malet of Dullingham, son of ROBERT Malet of Eye & his wife --- (-1169). "…Robertus Maleth…Willielmus Malet…" subscribed a charter dated Sep 1101 under which Bishop Herbert donated property to Norwich priory[482]. It is more likely that William named in this charter was the son, rather than father, of Robert as his name follows Robert´s in the list of subscribers. The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Willo Maled" in Hampshire[483]. Steward of Henry II King of England. The 1155 Pipe Roll records "Willo Malet" in Somerset, Dorset and Wiltshire[484]. The 1156 Pipe Roll records "Willo Malet" in Kent[485]. The 1157 Pipe Roll records "Will. Maled" in Buckinghamshire and Bedfordshire, and in Northamptonshire, both under "Nova Placita & Noue Conuentiones"[486]. The Red Book of the Exchequer refers to "Willelmo Malet viii l" in Somerset in [1161/62][487]. It is not certain that all these entries refer to the same person. Military fee certifications in the Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1166, record that "Robertus Malet" used to hold ten knights´ fees from the abbot of Glastonbury in Somerset "tempore Regis Henrici" (presumably indicating King Henry I) and that "Hubertus de Sancta Susanna" now held two of these and "Willelmus Malech" now held twelve, another section recording the knights´ fees held from "Willelmi Malech" in Somerset[488]. "Roberto …Willelmo Malet dapifero…" subscribed the charter dated 1168 under which Henry II King of England confirmed the property "in manerio de Hinton" of "Roberto de Basoges" granted to him by "comes Conanus"[489].

William of Curcy
http://www.geni.com/people/William-de-Courcy/6000000003051169958
See also http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_de_Courcy

Robert of Dunstaville
http://www.geni.com/people/Robert-de-Dunstanville/6000000000437654791
http://familypedia.wikia.com/wiki/Robert,_1st_Earl_of_Gloucester_(1090-1147)

Jocelin of Baliol [Jocelyn de Bailleu]
England Under the Angevin Kings. Ardent Media. pp. 507–.
http://www.mount-royal.ca/heritage/getperson.php?personID=I17307&tree=mrll

William of Lanval
Justice Errant in Devonshire The History and Antiquities of the Exchequer of the Kings of England .... Knaplock. pp. 88–.

William of Cheyney [Chesney]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_de_Chesney_(sheriff)
The History and Antiquities of the Exchequer of the Kings of England ....  Knaplock. pp. 88–.

Geoffrey of Vere
http://www.geni.com/people/Geoffrey-de-Vere/6000000000436368927

William of Hastings
http://www.geni.com/people/William-de-Hastings-Lord-Hastings/6000000006906665229

Hugh of Morville
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_de_Morville,_Lord_of_Westmorland

Alan de Neville
http://www.thepeerage.com/p76.htm
http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLISH%20NOBILITY%20MEDIEVAL2.htm#_Toc321390418

Simon Fitz-Peter
Sheriff of Nottinghamshire and Bedforshire, Justice in Eyre: Emma Mason (1996). Westminster Abbey and Its People, C.1050-c.1216.  p. 165–.
http://archive.org/stream/englandunderang02kategoog#page/n369/mode/1up

William Malduit chamberlain
and
John Malduit
http://www.teachergenealogist007.com/2013/02/g28-243393928-mauduit-senlis.html
Edward Foss (1870). Biographia Juridica: A Biographical Dictionary of the Judges of England from the Conquest to the Present Time, 1066-1870. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. pp. 423–4

John the Marshal
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marshal_(Earl_Marshal)

Peter de Mara
Henry Elliot Malden (1917). Magna Carta Commemoration Essays. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. pp. 68–. ISBN 978-1-58477-436-5.

References


Medieval Lands -A Prosopography of Medieval European Noble and Royal Families by Charles Cawley
http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/CONTENTS.htm

ENGLAND EARLS 1138-1142.

 ENGLISH EARLS 1067-1122. 
http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLISH%20NOBILITY%20MEDIEVAL.htm
MEDIEVAL LANDS
A prosopography of medieval European noble and royal families
by Charles Cawley

Charles H. Browning (January 2002). Magna Charta Barons, 1915. Baronial Order of Runnemede. Genealogical Publishing Com. pp. 1–. ISBN 978-0-8063-0056-6.

J.R. Planché (1874) The Conqueror and his Companions
Rape (county subdivision) - Wikipedia
Rape of Hastings - Wikipedia
The Earls in Henry II's Reign
by Paul Latimer


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Thursday, 17 October 2013

Bishops at the time of Becket

The names of the bishops as recorded on the Chirograph as present at the time of the compilation of the Constitutions of Clarendon
Thomas archbishop of Canterbury, Roger archbishop of York, Gilbert bishop of London, Henry bishop of Winchester, Nigel bishop of Ely, William bishop of Norwich, Robert bishop of Lincoln, Hilary bishop of Chichester, Jocelin bishop of Salisbury, Richard bishop of Chester, Bartholomew bishop of Exeter, Robert bishop of Hereford, David bishop of S. David's, and Roger bishop of Worcester.




http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigel_(bishop_of_Ely)
http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Nigel_(d.1169)_(DNB00)
Round, J. H. (July 1893). "Nigel, Bishop of Ely". The English Historical Review 8 (31): 515–519.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/547367








B. R. Kemp, ‘Bohun, Jocelin de. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2004 http://goo.gl/46a8Og





[Not involved in Becket Controversy]

Vacant


Latin names of the bishops present when Becket was consecrated Archbishop of Canterbury

Henricus Wintoniensis
Nigellus Heliensis
Robertus Bathoniensis
Jocelinus Saresberiensis
Willelmus Norwicensis
Hylarius Cicestrensis
Ricardus Cestrensis
Bartholomaeus Exoniensis
Robertus Lincolniensis
Walterus Roffensis
Nicholaus Landavensis
David Menevensis
Godefridus Lanelvensis
Gilebertus Herefordensis
Bartholemew Iscanus

Burton, E. (1912). Ancient Diocese of Saint Asaph. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. 


From David Knowles (1951). Episcopal Colleagues. Cambridge University Press.


References

 David Knowles (1951). Episcopal Colleagues. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–. ISBN 978-0-521-05493-5.


Catholic Encyclopaedia (1913) Entries

Urquhart, F. (1909). Gilbert Foliot. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06556a.htm

Ott, M. (1912). William of Turbeville. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15638d.htm

Burton, E. (1908). Chichester.  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03657a.htm

Burton, E. (1911). Ancient Diocese of Norwich. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11121a.htm

Burton, E. (1912). Ancient Diocese of Saint Asaph .http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13332c.htm

Burton, E. (1912). Ancient See of York. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15733b.htm

Burton, E. (1910). Ancient Diocese of Hereford. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07255a.htm

Burton, E. (1910). Lincoln. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09266b.htm

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Burton, E. (1912). Ancient See of Winchester. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15649c.htm

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Burton, E. (1908). Chester. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03649a.htm
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Beste, K.D. (1911). Diocese of Menevia. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10187d.htm

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Burton, E. (1909). Durham (Dunelmum). http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05211a.htm

Burton, E. (1908). Chichester http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03657a.htm

Burton, E. (1912). Ancient See of Rochester. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13101b.htm

Burton, E. (1909). Ely. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05396a.htm

Burton, E. (1912). Ancient Diocese of Worcester. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15703a.htm

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Pontal Odette. Les évêques dans le monde Plantagenêt. In: Cahiers de civilisation médiévale. 29e année (n°113-114), Janvier-juin 1986. Y a-t-il une civilisation du monde plantagenêt ? Actes du Colloque d'Histoire Médiévale. Fontevraud, 26-28 avril 1984. pp. 129-137.
doi : 10.3406/ccmed.1986.2323
url : /web/revues/home/prescript/article/ccmed_0007-9731_1986_num_29_113_2323

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